HMONG

R v Bailiff [2010] ACTSC 54 (21 Lub rau hli ntuj 2010)


Human Rights Act

 R v Alexander MARCEL Andre SEBASTIAN BARKER BAILIFF [2010] ACTSC 54 (21 Lub rau hli ntuj 2010)



Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai ─ muaj zog rau plead ─ unfitness rau plead yuav tsum tau txiav txim on nyiaj tshuav ntawm probabilities ─ muaj zog rau plead txawv txhaum lav ─ liam pom haum rau plead.
Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai ─ kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead ─ tsis xav tau cov muaj kuab rau hauv av rau kev nyuaj juror ─ tsis xav tau rau liam kom nkag siab txog lub tsev hais plaub formalities los yog mus them nyiaj mloog tsis tu ncua ─ liam xav tau kev muaj peev xwm los mus nthuav qhia kom tiv thaiv tiam sis tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ─ liam tsis unfit mus plead xwb vim ntawm kev coj cwj pwm uas interrupts khiav ntawm Hais Plaub; incapacity muaj amicable, trusting kev sib raug zoo nrog ntuas; teem caij ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas nrog cai nyob rau hauv relation mus rau kev cai lij choj teeb meem; delusions, txawm hais txog qhov raug teeb meem ntawm mus sib ─ liam tsis unfit rau plead tsuas vim tiv thaiv yuav tau nthuav zoo nrog txawv puas siab puas ntsws capacities los yog nthuav tsis tooj mus liam tus zoo tshaj plaws kev txaus siab.
Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai ─ muaj zog rau plead ─ ─ pov thawj liam tus cwj pwm thaum lub sij hawm muaj zog mus rau kev mloog ob tog plead tej zaum yuav raug npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account.
Txhaum plaub raws li txoj cai ─ daim ntawv thov mus rau terminate muaj zog rau plead kev tshawb xyuas thiab dismiss qhov them nyiaj rau thaj av uas punishing tus liam yuav tsis tsim nyog vim mus rau trivial qhov ntawm them nyiaj los yog qhov ntawm lub liam tus puas siab puas ntsws puas ─ them nqi ntawm txhob txwm damaging vaj tse tsis trivial ─ daim ntawv thov mus rau terminate muaj zog rau plead kev tshawb xyuas tsis kam.


Criminal Code 2002 (ACT), SS 43 (1), 28
Teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900 (ACT), SS 311, 315, 312, 321
Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT), SS 68, 28
Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT), SS 21, 31, 34
Saib xyuas thiab tswj ntawm cov khoom Act 1991 (ACT), SS 4, 5, 7, 7B, 11

Explanatory Statement rau Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Bill 1994
Explanatory Statement rau Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) (kho) Bill 1999
Explanatory Statement rau qhov teeb meem txhaum cai kho Bill 2004 (Zauv 4)


Clark v Tus huab tais [2008] NSWCCA 122; (2008) 185 Ib Crim R 1
Eastman v Tus huab tais [2000] HCA 29; (2000) 203 CLR 1
Kesavarajah v Tus huab tais [1994] HCA 41; (1994) 181 CLR 230
Ngatayi v Tus huab tais [1980] HCA 18; (1980) 147 CLR 1
 R v Dashwood [1943] KB 1
 R v Presser [1958] VicRp 9; [1958] ALR 248
 R v Pritchard [1836] EngR 540; (1836) 173 ER 135
 R v Rivkin [2004] NSWCCA 7; (2004) 59 NSWLR 284
 R v Steurer (2009) 3 ACTLR 272
 R v Swain (1991) 63 CCC (3D) 481
 R v Taylor (1993) 77 CCC (3D) 551


















Tsis SCC 139 ntawm 2009






Kws txiav txim plaub: Penfold J
Supreme Court ntawm ACT
Date: 21 Lub rau hli ntuj 2010
HAUV Supreme lub tsev hais plaub NTAWM LUB)
) Tsis SCC 139 ntawm 2009
Australian capital ib ncig)


 R

v

Alexander MARCEL Andre SEBASTIAN BARKER BAILIFF








Order

Kws txiav txim plaub: Penfold J
Date: 21 Lub rau hli ntuj 2010
Qhov chaw: Canberra

Lub tsev hais plaub pom tias:


1. Alexander Marcel Andre Sebastian Barker Bailiff yog haum rau plead mus rau lub them nqi uas on 30 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2009 nws txhob txwm tshwm sim los kev puas tsuaj rau vaj tse.

Introduction

1. Alexander Marcel Andre Sebastian Barker Bailiff (uas tej zaum ploj mus los ntawm lub xeem Bayliff los yog Bayliss) tau them nrog ib count ntawm txhob txwm damaging vaj tse on 30 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2009. Lub allegation yog hais tias koj Bailiff tau sib cav nrog Gerald Franks txog ib tug qauv koj Bailiff twb tsim tawm sab nraum ib tug vaj tse muaj kev tswj los ntawm koj Franks sawv cev ntawm Canberra txiv neej lub Centre. Lub sib cav ua rhuab thiab koj Bailiff tshem tawm ib tug loj pob zeb rau pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab ces lub windscreen ntawm lub tsheb uas koj Franks twb tuaj txog nyob rau hauv, damaging ob windscreens.
2. Qhov them nyiaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv s 403 (1) ntawm lub txhaum Code 2002 (ACT), thiab nqa ib tug tshaj plaws rau txim raug nplua 1,000 units thiab raug kaw 10 xyoo.

Lub tsev hais plaub kev
Thiaj li rau forensic puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv kev ntsuam xyuas


3. On 2 lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2009 koj Bailiff twb cog lus rau sim nyob rau hauv lub Supreme Court. Refshauge J tseg rau kev tshawb xyuas qhov teeb meem ntawm nws muaj zog mus rau plead, thiab kom hais tias koj Bailiff raug ntsuam xyuas los ntawm ib tug psychiatrist mus rau qhov nws muaj zog mus rau plead nyob rau hauv s 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900 (ACT) (teem tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv rau kev txiav txim no) .
Daim ntawv thov rau cov kev txiav txim ntawm muaj zog rau plead


4. Ib daim ntawv thov rau ib tug txiav txim ntawm koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead nyob rau hauv s 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act tuaj ua ntej kuv on 14 Cuaj hlis 2009. Ntuas ua yeeb yam rau koj Bailiff 's sawv cev, tab sis qhia los ntawm Public Advocate ntawm ACT uas yeej hais tias lub sij hawm koj Bailiff' s kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv tus neeg saib xyuas thaum muaj xwm ceev Saibxyuas Order, nrhiav ib tug thiaj li nyob rau hauv s 315 (4) ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act (kuj teem tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv). Hais tias kev tso cai ib lub tsev hais plaub mus rau terminate muaj zog rau plead kev tshawb xyuas thiab dismiss qhov them nyiaj yog hais tias nws txiav txim siab hais tias punishing tus liam rau qhov ua txhaum yuav tsis tsim nyog vim ntawm trivial qhov ntawm them nyiaj los yog qhov ntawm lub liam tus puas siab puas ntsws puas. Muaj hais txog qhov ntawm kev them nyiaj, kuv tsis yeem noj xws li ib kauj ruam uas tsis tas yuav muaj muab kom muab mus rau lub pov thawj txog tej yam puas siab puas ntsws puas txom nyem los ntawm koj Bailiff.
5. Ib tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yam rau koj Bailiff 's puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv raug tendered rau kuv, thiab ntuas caw kuv mus xav txog lawv nyob rau hauv tob. Nyob rau hauv chronological thiaj li, cov ntaub ntawv los kuj tau raws li nram no:
(Ib tug)
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George hom qub 24 Lub yim hli ntuj 2003.
(B)
Kev txiav txim ntawm Crispin J, R v Bailiff [2004] ACTSC 42 (9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004)
(C)
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George hom qub 23 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2004.
(D)
Forensic Kev Pab Kev Puas Hlwb ACT daim ntawv qhia hom qub 11 Kaum ib hlis 2004.
(E)
Forensic Kev Pab Kev Puas Hlwb ACT daim ntawv qhia hom qub 17 Lub rau hli ntuj 2005.
(F)
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George hom qub 29 May 2006.
(G)
Forensic Kev Pab Kev Puas Hlwb ACT daim ntawv qhia hom qub 29 May 2008.
(H)
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Leonard Lambeth thiab MS Natasha Shott hom qub 22 May 2009.
(I)
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George hom qub 7 Lub yim hli ntuj 2009.

6. Raws li zoo, Dr Lambeth muab pov thawj ntawm lub rooj sib hais on 14 Cuaj hlis 2009.
7. Dr George, Dr Lambeth thiab MS Shott yog ua hauj lwm rau kev pab Forensic, Mental Health ACT ntsig txog raws li ib tug pab tswv yim Psychiatrist, ib tug Forensic Psychiatrist, ib tug Psychologist.
8. Tom qab lub rooj sib hais, on 15 Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj 2009, ntuas ua yeeb yam rau sawv cev ntawm koj Bailiff, los ntawm kev tso cai, lodged ib daim ntawv luam ntawm ib tug tshiab Saibxyuas Order tau on 27 Lub kaum hli ntuj 2009, thiab sau ib daim ntawv tso npe tau nyob rau hauv anticipation ntawm tias thiaj li raug txais mus rau hauv cov pov thawj. Ntuas rau cov Thawj Coj ntawm Public Prosecutions tsis Lodge twg los tso npe nyob rau hauv teb, thiab Saibxyuas Order yog txais rau cov pov thawj.

Cov kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead

9. Section 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act teev tawm lub txheej xwm rau txiav txim seb puas yog ib tug neeg haum rau plead, thiab s 312 ntawm tias Act teev tawm qhov lub nug thiab txiav txim. Ob qho tag nrho cov seem uas teem tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus:
(A) Ib tug neeg yog presumed yuav haum rau plead.
(B) Lub presumption yog rebutted yog hais tias nws yog tsim los hais tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit rau plead.
(C) Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead yog hais tias nws niam nws txiv los yog nws puas siab puas ntsws los yog kev raug disordered impaired xws li hais tias tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm tsis to taub, los yog kev koom tes kom nyob rau hauv, ntau teev rau ntawm ib txwm txhaum kev.
(D) Cov nqe lus nug ntawm muaj zog rau plead yog ib lo lus nug ntawm qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los rau ntawm nyiaj tshuav ntawm probabilities, uas tsis muaj kev tog kev coj tus kheej yog ib tug tsim txom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
10. Kuv nco ntsoov tias tiag tiag lo lus nug rau cov kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv s 312 yog seb ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tsis xws ib tug nrhiav lub presumption ntawm muaj zog yuav ua hauj lwm. Cov nqe lus hais kom muaj zog rau plead yog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los rau ntawm nyiaj tshuav ntawm probabilities yog yog li ntawd unhelpful thiab tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv Qee zaum yuav nyuaj rau cov uas raug.
11. Ob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj txais nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob lub s 311 (1) cov txheej xwm uas, thaum lwm tus neeg tau npaj rau cov hom phiaj lwm yam tshaj li muaj zog mus rau plead determinations. Kuv summarize lub sau ntawv qhia, thiab Dr Lambeth lub qhov ncauj pov thawj, hauv qab no. Tsis muaj ib lo lus nug ntawm nco tsis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, yog li s 311 (2) tsis yog yam.
12. Nws tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xyuas no kom nyob rau hauv lub siab lub distinction nruab nrab ntawm koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead mus rau lub them nyiaj tawm tsam nws, thiab koj Bailiff' s txhaum plaub lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov ua txhaum them (txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv s 28 ntawm criminal Code 2002 (ACT) , teem tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv). Cov ob teeb meem li tau conflated on ob peb lub sij hawm los ntawm koom nyob rau hauv no tshawb xyuas.
13. Tam sim no kev tshawb xyuas kev tsuas mus rau koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead, thiab yeej tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tshwm sim ntawm tej yam tom ntej mus sib los yog lub rooj sib hais. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug nrhiav tau hais tias koj Bailiff yog haum rau plead tsis txoj cai tawm ib tug tom ntej nrhiav hais tias nws tsis txhaum ntawm qhov ua txhaum them by yog vim li cas ntawm kev puas hlwb puas (saib teeb meem txhaum cai Act 321 s).

Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txoj kev
Kws pov thawj

Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George (24 Lub yim hli ntuj 2003)


14. Daim ntawv qhia no twb npaj tau nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm ib tug quab yuam them nqi sawv tawm ntawm ib qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib lub khw center nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 2003. Dr George piav nws kev sib tham nrog koj Bailiff raws li nram no:
Nws xav daim ntawv no yog circumstantial thiab tangential. Nws tshaaj ceev ntawm kev hais lus thiab sib ntaus ntawm cov tswv yim. Nyob rau lub sij hawm, nws chaw koom tes kuj illogical. Nws lub mus qhia delusional tswv yim. Nws tshaaj grandiosity nrog saib taus mus rau lub tswv yim tias nws propagating. Hoob no ntawm qhov kev sib tham coj ob teev thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, nws nyuam qhuav kos ua tsis taus pa. Kuv tau ua rau cov lus nug kom nws tshaj, tej zaum, tsib feeb ntawm ob xuab moos. Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam yeej teb. Nws smiled yooj yim thiab, feem ntau, affable. Nws tswj thaum lub sij hawm mus sib tham qhov teeb meem.

15. Dr George cim diagnoses ntawm organic Mental teeb meem no (uas ua kev nrog cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv Cognition, Mood thiab neeg), bipolar affective teeb meem no, thiab tau kawm ntawm factitious teeb meem no. Cov mob tau significantly pab los ntawm ib tug lub hlwb raug mob pab nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb huam yuaj nyob rau hauv 1985.
16. Raws li kom koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead, Dr George pom hais tias koj yeej to taub Bailiff qhov ntawm them nyiaj tawm tsam nws (tam sim no raug xa mus rau hauv s 311 (1) (a) ntawm tus teeb meem txhaum cai Act), tiam sis yuav muaj nyuab nrog lwm yam txhaum txoj kev tam sim no raug xa mus rau hauv paragraphs 311 (1) (b), (c), (d), (e) thiab (f). Nyob rau hauv relation rau txhua tus ntawm cov kawm, Dr George raws li nws xaus loj on koj Bailiff 's xav daim ntawv no, nyob rau hauv kev nws illogical chaw koom tes thiab qhov pib delusional qauv ntawm kev xav; koj Bailiff' s ib txwm mus dominate twg los sib tham, thiab los mus cuam tshuam, kuj ciali mus cuam tshuam tej Dr George tus xaus txog koj Bailiff 's tsis muaj peev xwm mus rau comprehend chav kawm ntawm lub Hais Plaub, thiab kom qhia tej kev cai lij choj sawv cev nws koom.
 R v Bailiff [2004] ACTSC 42 (9 Lub rau hli ntuj 2004), Crispin J


17. Nram qab no Dr George tus kev ntsuam xyuas tias koj Bailiff mas unfit rau plead mus rau quab yuam them nqi sawv tawm ntawm ib lub khw center qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 2003 (saib [14] saum toj no), lub Mental Health Tribunal txiav txim siab hais tias koj Bailiff tsis haum rau plead mus rau qhov nqi them rau yeej tsis zoo li los ua kom haum plead tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis. Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 2004 Crispin J presided tshaj ib tug tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais relation mus rau lub them nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 2004 nws pom hais tias koj Bailiff tau koom nyob rau hauv cov kev yuav tsum tau tshwm sim tawm los ntawm qhov ua txhaum quab yuam, thiab kom koj Bailiff xa nws tus kheej mus rau lub Tribunal kom nws los ua ib txoj kev kho mob thiaj li. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm los ntawm nws kev txiav txim Crispin J soj ntsuam ob peb nyuam qhuav pib cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm koj Bailiff 's mob, thiab tseem tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau feem coob lus hais txog kev ces nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ACT raws li txoj cai rau lis txog tsawg loj heev txhaum liam tawm tsam cov neeg uas twb unfit mus plead. Txawm li ntawd los, Crispin J tsis yuav tsum tau, thiab tsis, qhov chaw nyob seb koj Bailiff 's puas siab puas ntsws mob muaj cob nws unfit rau plead by reference rau cov kev xeem rau unfitness rau plead ces teem tawm ntawm s 68 (3) (a) mus rau (f ) ntawm Kev Puas Hlwb (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT) (saib Qhia Ntxiv). Cov kev xeem kuj mus tib lub siv raws li cov kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim no pom nyob rau hauv s 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act, tab sis, nyob rau hauv 2004 lawv tau thov los ntawm Mental Health Tribunal es tsis lub tsev hais plaub.
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George (23 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2004)


18. Daim ntawv qhia no twb npaj los ntawm Dr George nyob rau hauv relation mus seb puas muaj ib tug thiaj li yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT), tab sis nws tsis yog tseeb seb Dr George twb xav tias yuav yog ib tug puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv thiaj li los yog ib txoj kev kho mob thiaj li. Ntawm lwm yam uas, Dr George suav tias yog qhov thiab seriousness ntawm koj Bailiff 's puas siab puas ntsws los yog puas siab puas ntsws muaj mob tsis ua hauj lwm, lub consequent yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev kho mob los yog kev saib xyuas, qhov twg uas tsim nyog los yog tsim nyog yuav tau kev kho mob, txoj kev pab, pab tswv yim los yog saib mob kev them nyiaj yug, thiab seb koj Bailiff tsis tau tso cai rau txo lub hlwb txoj kev kho mob, kev kho mob los yog kev them nyiaj yug. Raws li nyob rau hauv 2003, koj Bailiff li muaj monopolized lub sib tham. Nws disputed Dr George tus yav tas los mob ntawm bipolar teeb meem no, thiab qhov xaus hais tias nws txom nyem tej teeb meem no puas siab puas ntsws los yog puas siab puas ntsws muaj mob. Ib zaug ntxiv, Dr George cim "sib ntaus ntawm cov tswv yim", ceev ntawm kev hais lus, grandiosity ntawm lub tswv yim, txhawb Mood, ib tug teb muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab tejzaum nws delusional xav. Dr George qhia nws nco qab ntsoov tias koj Bailiff yeej txom nyem ib tug puas siab puas ntsws muaj mob muaj raws ntawm ib tug Mood teeb meem no nyob rau hauv koom nrog ua ntej lub hlwb puas tsuaj. Nws cim koj Bailiff 's disinclination txais kev noj tshuaj tab sis tswv yim uas nws co-khiav tej zaum yuav tau nrog "txaus psycho-txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab ib tug zoo kev sib raug zoo nrog nws treating tus kws kho mob".
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Forensic Kev Pab Kev Puas Hlwb ACT (11 Kaum ib hlis 2004)


19. Daim ntawv qhia no twb npaj nyob rau ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm tus ACT Mental Health Tribunal, thiab hais txog koj Bailiff 's cov rooj sib tham nrog lub Forensic Community Mental Health Management Team los tham txog cov kev pab ntawm nws yeem txais Mood-stabilizing noj tshuaj raws li pom zoo los ntawm Dr George nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 2004 . Koj Bailiff hais rau pab neeg no cov tswv cuab hais tias txawm nws hais txog mus rau Dr George nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj, nws yeej tsis npaj mus noj tej yam tshuaj noj, thiab hais tias nws yuav tsis tsum trialling dab tsi. Koj Bailiff yuav tsis pom tej yam kev pab nyob rau hauv Tsis txhob nws "continual altercations nrog rau txoj cai", txij li thaum nws arrests thiab txawm nws lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv saib xyuas tsis txhob thab nws. Nws tsis pom nws tus cwj pwm raws li problematic, thiab pom tsis kam hloov nws tus cwj pwm offending.
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Forensic Kev Pab Kev Puas Hlwb ACT (17 Lub rau hli ntuj 2005)


20. Daim ntawv qhia no kev mus rau koj Bailiff 's dealings nrog lub Forensic Community mus cuag kev pab nyob rau hauv rau lub hlis los yog li tom qab nws lub ua ntej lub Mental Health Tribunal nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 2004. Txawm hais tias tau ob-txoj kev tham nrog koj Bailiff tau tsim muaj, koj Bailiff txuas ntxiv mus dominate lub sib tham. Pab neeg sau tseg ib exaggerated tswvyim ntawm nws tus kheej tseem ceeb, ib tug inflated siab ntawm entitlement, narcissistic qhov zoo, lub tswv yim ntawm grandeur, ib tug fixation on cai lij choj teeb meem, me ntsis empathy thiab ib tug tsis xav txog lub txim ntawm nws tus cwj pwm. Koj Bailiff asserts tias nws tus cwj pwm yog ib lub txiaj ntsim ntawm lub hlwb puas tsuaj.
21. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm tej daim ntawv cog lus los ntawm koj Bailiff yuav Mood-stabilizing noj tshuaj, pab neeg IEP muaj motivational nug thiab pab tswv yim tswv yim, tab sis qhia tsis tseem ceeb gains tshaj txog yim lub hlis uas muab cov kev pab xws li. Pab neeg IEP pom zoo xav ntawm ib Kev kho Order yog hais tias koj Bailiff tsis pom zoo rau kev kho mob siab yeem nrog ib tug Mood stabilizer. Pab neeg sau tseg hais tias koj Bailiff tsis tau raws li cov txheej xwm rau cov kev ua hauj lwm ntawm pab neeg IEP, uas xa cov lwm yam mus rau ib tug uas muaj feem yuav loj re-offending, thiab discharged nws los ntawm qhov kev pab.
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George (29 May 2006)


22. Daim ntawv qhia no twb npaj li hauv qab no ib kev thov los ntawm Gray J tias koj Bailiff yauv mus ua ib tug txo lub hlwb kev ntsuam xyuas; qhov kev ntsuam xyuas twb nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm cov nqi tawm tsam koj Bailiff sawv tawm ntawm ib qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lwm lub khw center.
23. Dr George soj ntsuam ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau nws ob yav tas los txo lub hlwb lus ceeb toom thiab lub rau hli ntuj 2005 daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Forensic Kev Pab Kev Puas Hlwb pab neeg. Nws raug xa mus rau nws qub diagnoses ntawm organic Mental teeb meem no, Bipolar Affective teeb meem no thiab ib tug tej zaum Factitious teeb meem no, thiab sau tus pab los ntawm koj Bailiff 's lub hlwb raug mob ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj frontal. Nws hais Dr Greg Hugh, ib tug psychiatrist nrog Darwin Urban Mental Health Services, leej twg pom koj Bailiff nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1999 thiab qhia tias koj Bailiff yuav nquag "ntxiv muaj teeb meem nrog rau txoj cai thiab tej zaum yuav, tau, qhov chaw rau lwm tus neeg nyob rau ntawm kev pheej hmoo muab nws li keeb kwm ntawm tsis tsim nyog disinhibition, grandiosity, persecutory ideation thiab ib qho kev pom meej Delight ntawm overstepping tau kev sib raug zoo ciaj ciam ".
24. Dr George tuav mus rau nws nyuam qhuav pib mob ntawm koj Bailiff 's tej yam kev mob, tab sis tsis nyob rau lo lus nug ntawm nws muaj zog mus rau plead. Txawm li ntawd los, nws qhia ib co tsis meej hais txog cov feem ntawm cov organic tus teeb meem no thiab frontal lobe syndrome ntsig txog on koj Bailiff 's tus cwj pwm. Raws li ib feem ntawm nws mob, Dr George muab ib txog kev piav qhia ntawm cov organic tus teeb meem no thiab ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm koj Bailiff by reference rau tias lus piav qhia. Ntau ntawm cov khoom uas hais tias yog rov qab rau hauv Dr Lambeth lub 2009 daim ntawv tshaj qhia thiab yog hais ntawm [27] hauv qab no. Ob lus piav qhia ntawm cov organic tus teeb meem no tshwm kom tau tshem ntawm tib qhov chaw, nrog me ntsis txawv inclusions thiab omissions; Dr Lambeth lub meej kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm koj Bailiff nyob rau hauv no ntsiab yog tseem heev uas zoo sib xws li ntawv mus li ntawm Dr George.
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George (29 May 2008)


25. Dr George taw tawm hais tias no nws plaub kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm koj Bailiff. Nws qhia txog ntawm koj Bailiff 's tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib tham qhia tsis muaj kev hloov los ntawm yav tas los presentations. Dr George lub diagnoses kuj yuam tsum muaj tib yam.
Daim ntawv qhia thiab cov pov thawj ntawm Dr Lambeth (22 May 2009)


26. Dr Lambeth ceeb toom txog tias nws thiab MS Shott pom koj Bailiff on 28 May 2009 (cov hnub ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab ntawm koj Bailiff 's lub rooj sib tham nrog Dr Lambeth thiab MS Shott tsis tau ob qho tib si yuav tsum muaj tseeb, tab sis nws tsis yog pom meej uas hnub tsis yog). Dr Lambeth piav koj Bailiff raws li nram no:
Muaj tsis muaj tsis meej movements thiab nws posture yeej ib txwm thiab xoob. Nws tended kho qhov kev sib tham raws li yog hais tias nws los kuj tau ib lub sij hawm qhia lub interviewers (Dr Lambeth thiab Natasha Shott) hais txog txoj cai, lub hlwb puas tsuaj thiab ntau lwm yam kev kawm. Nws tau ncaj ncees lub qhov muag thiab mas feem ntau yog co-hauj lwm. Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam mas superficial, labile thiab nyob rau lub sij hawm, dag. Nws Mood mas heev expansive thiab euphoric nrog xwb me irritability. Hais lus mas zoo tshaj plaws raws li tau piav pressured, tangential, vague, circumstantial, nws tus kheej referential, tshaj elaborative, metaphorical nrog xoob chaw koom tes thiab sib ntaus ntawm cov tswv yim. Lub suab yeej ib txwm. Muaj tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm perceptual disturbance. Nws tshwm ib co paranoid thiab heev grandiose xav. Nws yog tag nrho ras thiab xyuas thiab mas zoo nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm orientated, qhov chaw thiab tus neeg. Txawm hais tias nws tshwm saib pom mus rau qhov tseeb ntawm nws lub hlwb puas tsuaj, muaj tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm saib pom rau hauv lub zoo ntawm nws tus cwj pwm rau lwm tus. Judgement twb muaj mob loj. Nws lub yuav ib tug txiv neej ntawm saum toj no qhov nruab nrab txawj ntse, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau kev paub los ntawm formal xeem uas yuav nyuaj heev.

27. Dr Lambeth kuaj koj Bailiff raws li kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug organic Mental teeb meem no nrog lawn cov coob frontal lobe cov tsos mob, uas tau tawm nyob rau hauv "yog dab tsi yuav zoo tshaj plaws yuav piav raws li ib tug organic tus teeb meem no". Dr Lambeth piav qhov cov tsos mob ntawm uas teeb meem no, thiab koj Bailiff 's tsos mob, raws li nram no (qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv uas hais tias yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau Dr George lub May 2006 tsab ntawv ceeb toom hais ntawm [24] saum toj no):
Ib tug neeg uas suffers los ntawm tus teeb meem no feem ntau yog organic qhia ib txo kev muaj peev xwm kom persevere nrog lub hom phiaj raws kev coj kev ua ub no; tshwj xeeb yog cov muaj feem nrog rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub sij hawm thiab muab ncua gratification. Muaj feem ntau yog hloov txoj kev xav coj tus cwj pwm tsiag ntawv los ntawm txoj kev xav lability, ntiav thiab tsis yuav cheerfulness (euphoria, tsis tsim nyog jocularity) los yog hloov, los yog luv luv irritability-nyob outbursts ntawm chim siab los yog aggression. Muaj kuj yog feem ntau yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov kev xav tau thiab impulses yam tsis tau xav ntawm txim los yog kev sib raug zoo Convention. Peev xwm disturbance yog cov nquag muaj. Muaj muaj peev xwm yuav cim alteration ntawm tus nqi thiab khiav ntawm hom lus qhuav. Hloov tus cwj pwm kev sib deev kuj yuav tshwm sim. Lub euphoria nyob rau hauv cov organic tus teeb meem no tej zaum yuav mimic hypomania, tiam sis nws yog hais tias muaj tseeb elation tsis tuaj thiab tus neeg mob tej zaum yuav lees kom tsis xis siab li xws. Frontal lobe syndrome yog feem ntau txuam nrog indifference thiab apathy thiab no yuav tsiag ntawv los ntawm tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv qhov tam sim ntawd ib puag ncig. Teeb meem nrog rau txoj cai yog cov nquag muaj heev vim tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm dav dav. Muaj peev xwm xav tias yuav kev sib raug zoo los yog kev cai lij choj txim ntawm ib tus ua muaj feem diminished. Koj Bailiff qhib pib on no caij nyoog raws li muaj cim kawm ntawm ib tug frontal lobe syndrome. Muaj ib tug yeej ib affective feem txuam nrog nws dav kev nthuav qhia tshaj lub sij hawm thiab nws tau yeej ib txwm tshaaj pressured hais lus thiab sib ntaus ntawm lub tswv yim, tab sis ib zaug dua nyob rau hauv disturbances khiav ntawm kev hais lus muaj peev xwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov organic tus teeb meem no. Nws muaj ib tsev neeg li keeb kwm ntawm Bipolar teeb meem no. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua hais tias koj Bayliff tau [muaj] ib tug ua hauj affective feem mus rau lub qhia ntawm nws cov tsos mob, uas muaj lub sij hawm tshaj yuav significantly frontal lobe nyob rau hauv keeb kwm.

28. Dr Lambeth tus sau ib tsab ntawv daim ntawv tshaj qhia xaus lus tias koj Bailiff yog unfit rau plead by reference mus rau cov txheej xwm teeb tawm nyob rau hauv paragraphs 311 (1) (b), (d), (e) thiab (f), tiam sis tsis muab tej yam kev tshab txhais txog dhau dav daim ntawv qhia hais tias koj Bailiff 's puas siab puas ntsws kev raug impaired vim ntev organic tus teeb meem no thiab Frontal Lobe Syndrome.
29. Nyob rau hauv muaj zog mus rau kev mloog ob tog plead, Dr Lambeth nthuav rau cov kev xeem nyob rau hauv views nyob rau hauv Hmoob thiab Cross-kev soj ntsuam. Nws qhov ncauj pov thawj yog hais nyob rau hauv kev sib tham ntawm ntau paragraphs ntawm s 311 (1).
Tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Dr Graham George (7 Lub yim hli ntuj 2009)


30. Dr George hais rau koj Bailiff ib ncig Lub yim hli ntuj 2009 nyob rau hauv kev txuas nrog rau tam sim no nqi, tab sis nws xaus zoo li yuav tau raws kev coj kom seb ib Kev kho Order yuav tsum yog, los yog tej zaum ntxiv, nyob rau hauv relation rau koj Bailiff. Dr George pom koj Bailiff yuav co-hauj lwm thiab kom nkag siab txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas uas tau ua los ntawm Dr George. Nws xav twb disorganized mus raws li ntawm justifying ib tug nrhiav ntawm formal nws teeb meem no. Nws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm fatuous tab sis zoo-humored, thiab tsis zoo li yuav tau nyuaj siab los yog kom txom nyem tej cim depressive Mood teeb meem no. Thaum obviously ntawm high txawj ntse, koj Bailiff tshwm neeg pluag kev txiav txim thiab saib pom. Dr George lees paus koj Bailiff 's yav tas kuaj organic puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem no, nrog ib tug tseem ceeb frontal lobe feem. Nws hais tias koj Bailiff "tsim nyog rau ib tug mob los ntawm ib tug puas siab puas ntsws muaj mob" thiab qhib pib raws li "chronically hlwb disordered". Dr George ntseeg tau pom zoo hais tias koj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau Bailiff on ib injectable noj tshuaj, thiab qhia ib tug kev ntseeg tias muaj txaus thaj av rau ib Kev kho Order. Nws tsis xav txog koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead.
Comments on kws pov thawj


31. Tsuas yog ib yam ntawm cov lus ceeb toom tendered on koj Bailiff uas nyob muaj zog mus rau plead cov txheej xwm. Tias qhov kev soj ntsuam ua los ntawm Dr George nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj 2003, raws li ib tug ntawm cov uas Dr George xaus lus tias koj Bailiff mas unfit rau plead. Dr Lambeth lub tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau nrhiav tau txog lub zog mus rau plead cov txheej xwm tab sis tsis muaj kev piav qhia.
32. Feem ntau ntawm cov lus ceeb toom lawv txawm npaj los ntawm, los yog cia lub views ntawm, Dr George. Dr Lambeth lub daim ntawv qhia muaj ob peb paragraphs yam rau koj Bailiff 's tus yam ntxwv rau tam sim no ua txhaum, tab sis nws piav qhia ntawm koj Bailiff' s tus cwj pwm, thiab nws dav mob, kos ntau on Dr George tus nyuam qhuav pib qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia hom qub 29 May 2006 .
33. Qhov sib xws ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo los hais tias koj Bailiff 's mob tsis tau hloov nyob rau hauv tej yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev hwm tas xya xyoo, los yog hais tias tom ntej assessors ntawm koj Bailiff tau cia siab rau nyob rau hauv 2003 daim ntawv qhia es tsis soj ntsuam kom nws. Lub fact tias koj Bailiff 's coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub yeej nkaus raws li qhov lus piav qhia uas muab los ntawm cov ntau kws assessors txij thaum 2003 txhais tau hais tias kuv tsis tau muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau kuv tus kheej nrog rau ob tau hais.
Cov txheej xwm rau muaj zog los yog unfitness rau plead


34. Nyob rau hauv R v Presser [1958] VicRp 9; [1958] VR 45 (Presser) Smith J teem tawm uas yuav tsum tau rau ib tug liam yuav tau sim yam uas tsis muaj unfairness. Nws hais tias (nyob rau ntawm 48):
[Ib tug liam] cov kev xav tau, Kuv xav tias, yuav muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog dab tsi nws yog hais tias nws yog them nrog. Nws xav tau kev pab yuav tau plead mus rau qhov nqi them rau mus rau nws siv txoj cai ntawm kev sib tw. Nws xav tau kev pab kom nkag siab txog feem ntau qhov ntawm cov txheej txhem, uas yog, hais tias nws yog ib qhov kev nug raws li seb nws puas muaj dab tsi nws yog them nrog. Nws xav tau kev pab yuav muaj peev xwm ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub Plaub thiaj li to taub txog dab tsi yog yuav mus nyob rau hauv tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv ib tug dav siab, txawm nws yuav tsum tsis txhob, ntawm chav kawm, to taub qhov hom phiaj ntawm tag nrho cov ntau lub tsev hais plaub formalities. Nws xav tau kev pab yuav muaj peev xwm to taub, kuv xav tias, qhov ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab tawm tsam nws; thiab nws xav tau kev pab yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom nws tiv thaiv los yog lo lus teb rau tus them nyiaj. Qhov twg nws muaj ntuas nws xav tau kev pab yuav tsum tau ua li no los ntawm kev nws ntuas los ntawm tej yam tsim nyog yuav tau muab cov lus qhia thiab los ntawm cia nws ntuas paub dab tsi nws version ntawm qhov tseeb yog thiab, yog hais tias tsim nyog, qhia chaw hais plaub li cas nws yog ib qhov. ... Nws yuav tsum tau tsis txhob, ntawm chav kawm, yuav conversant nrog lub tsev hais plaub tus txheej txheem thiab nws yuav tsum tau tsis muaj puas siab puas ntsws muaj peev xwm ua ib tug muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv; tiam sis nws yuav tsum, Kuv xav tias, muaj peev xwm txaus yuav muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog dab tsi tiv thaiv nws yuav cia thaum thiab kom nws tiv thaiv thiab nws cov version ntawm qhov tseeb lub npe hu mus rau lub tsev hais plaub thiab kom nws ntuas, yog tias muaj.

35. Nyob rau hauv ACT, s 68 ntawm Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 set tawm ib lub xeem rau muaj zog rau plead uas tau piav (nyob rau hauv lub Explanatory Statement rau Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Bill 1994 nyob rau hauv 16) raws li "incorporat [ing] lub xeem los ntawm R v Presser ". Tus thawj version ntawm hais tias xeem yeej yuav tau thov los ntawm Mental Health Tribunal, uas tsis yog los mus txiav txim tias ib tug neeg twb haum rau plead tshwj tsis yog tias nws txaus siab hais tias tus neeg ntawd yog peev xwm ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv txoj kev cuaj teev txoj kev. Paragraphs 68 (3) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) thiab (h) corresponded rau paragraphs 311 (1) (a) mus rau (f) ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act, uas teem tawm tam sim no qhov kev xeem, thaum paragraphs (f), (g) thiab (j) raug xa mus ntsig txog ua ib tug tiv thaiv mus rau, los yog teb cov lus, tus them nyiaj; txiav txim siab li cas tiv thaiv nws yuav cia; thiab ua nws version ntawm qhov tseeb lub npe hu mus rau lub tsev hais plaub thiab kom nws los yog nws tus neeg sawv cev kev cai lij choj. Cov hauj lwm ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau Tribunal yuav txaus siab raws li mus rau lub cuaj teeb meem twb hais tias, ib zaug lub Supreme Court ces kom ib tug Tribunal txiav txim ntawm muaj zog rau plead, lub presumption yog tawm tsam ib tug nrhiav ntawm muaj zog. Hais tias kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead nov ib tug mus thov nyob rau hauv Eastman v Tus huab tais [2000] HCA 29; (2000) 203 CLR 1 (Eastman) thiab tham txog ntawm [41] rau [43] hauv qab no.
36. Seem 68 twb tau muab hloov nyob rau hauv 1999 rau muab rau Tribunal nrhiav unfitness rau plead yog hais tias nws txaus siab hais tias tus neeg ntawd yeej tsis muaj cuab kav mus koom nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv kev twg los tau ib yam ntawm cov rau sib txawv (zoo reversing lub presumption hais nyob rau hauv [35] saum toj no); paragraphs 68 (3) (f), (g) thiab (j) hais nyob rau hauv [35] saum toj no raug muab tshem tawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Lub Explanatory Statement rau Mental Health (Kev kho thiab Care) (kho) Bill 1999 said (ntawm 17) hais tias lub tshiab version ntawm lub xeem mas yog "ib tug codification ntawm cov kev cai lij choj cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv R v Presser ... thiab txoj cai nyob rau hauv R v Kesavarajah "thiab" suav hais tias yog yuav ib tug clearer thiab ntau tseeb articulation ntawm Presser xeem ". Cov kev xeem raws li tau muab hloov nyob rau hauv 1999 mas tseem, nyob rau hauv yam respects, nyob rau hauv dag zog yuam nyob rau hauv 2003 thaum Dr George tau nws thawj txiav txim hais txog koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead.
37. Thaum twg muaj zog rau plead xeem twb enacted nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no raws li s 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act, nws tau piav raws li "raws li qhov uas twb muaj txhais nyob rau hauv s 68 ntawm Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994" (Explanatory Statement rau teeb meem txhaum cai kho Bill 2004 (Zauv 4) nyob rau ntawm 4). Muaj hnub nyoog drafting hloov twb tau ib co ntawm nyob rau hauv paragraphs s 311 (1), tab sis qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act version yog nyob rau hauv yeeb tshuaj tau tib yam li nws tam sim ntawd predecessor. Qhov peb versions ntawm qhov kev xeem ntsig txog yam no txiav txim, kom Dr George tus kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv 2003 thiab nyob rau hauv Eastman yog teem tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv.
38. Nyob rau hauv Ngatayi v Tus huab tais [1980] HCA 18; (1980) 147 CLR 1, Gibbs, Mason thiab Wilson JJ (ntawm 7) raug xa mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm Alderson B nyob rau hauv R v Pritchard [1836] EngR 540; (1836) 173 ER 135 rau lo lus nug hais tias yog "seb tus neeg raug txim muaj txaus nkag siab txog rau comprehend qhov no mus sib, yog li ntawd raws li ua ib tug kom tiv thaiv mus rau lub them nyiaj". Lawv tau kev tso cai Smith J lub saib hais tias qhov kev xeem yuav tsum tau thov "nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog thiab commonsense xom lees". Gibbs, Mason thiab Wilson JJ (ntawm 8) tseem yuav tau kev tso cai Smith J lub nqe lus hais kom liam "yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov puas siab puas ntsws muaj peev xwm ua ib tug muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv".
39. Nyob rau hauv Kesavarajah v Tus huab tais [1994] HCA 41; (1994) 181 CLR 230 (Kesavarajah) lub High Tsev Hais Plaub (Mason CJ, Toohey thiab Gaudron JJ ntawm 245, Deane thiab Dawson JJ agreeing) sau tseg tias thePresser xeem tsis yuav tsum tau qhov liam tus neeg "kom muaj peev xwm txaus los mus ua ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv".
40. Koj Kukulies-Smith nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau tso npe sau tseg qhov distinction kos los ntawm Tsev Hais Plaub High nruab nrab ntawm ib lub "kom tiv thaiv" thiab ib tug "muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv". Lub Tsev Hais Plaub High pom ib xeem ntawm muaj peev xwm mus ua ib tug "kom tiv thaiv" raws li ib tug teeb qis chaw pib rau cov muaj zog rau plead tshaj ib xeem ntawm muaj peev xwm mus ua ib tug "muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv", tiam sis koj Kukulies-Smith tsis articulate li cas qhov chaw ntawm ib qis chaw pib rau muaj zog rau plead txais kev txhawb nws raws hais tias, yog hais tias koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead mas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus txiav txim siab yuav tsum hais tias nws yog unfit rau plead.
41. Nyob rau hauv Eastman, ob peb cov tswv cuab ntawm lub Tsev Hais Plaub High suav hais tias yog tus ACT kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead, uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm yam nws tau thov los ntawm Mental Health Tribunal. Raws li piav qhia nyob rau hauv [35] saum toj no, qhov kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv Eastman zoo thov ib tug presumption tawm tsam ib tug nrhiav ntawm muaj zog rau plead ib zaug rau lo lus nug ntawm qoj tau tsa. Raws li zoo, lub Tribunal mas yuav tsum tau yuav txaus siab rau ntawm peb cov txheej xwm ntau tshaj li pom nyob rau hauv qhov tam sim no kev soj ntsuam ua ntej nws yuav nrhiav tau ib tug neeg haum rau plead.
42. Nyob rau hauv Eastman, Gleeson CJ, nyob rau hauv xav tias yuav cov ntsiab lus ntawm ces ACT kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead, saws propositions teeb tawm los ntawm tsev hais plaub ntawm Ontario Thov nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim 1992; nws said ntawm [26] thiab [27]:
[26] Tus Ontario Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm Thov, nyob rau hauv R v Taylor [(1993) 77 CCC (3D) 551 ntawm 564-565], sau nram qab no propositions, tau pom zoo los ntawm ntuas, raws li sawv cev rau lub xeev ntawm txoj cai nyob rau hauv hais tias mas: "( a) Qhov uas ib tug liam tus neeg suffers los ntawm ib tug delusion tsis, ntawm nws tus kheej, muaj cob nws unfit mus rau sawv mus sib, txawm yog hais tias hais tias delusion kev mus rau raug teeb meem ntawm lub sim. (B) txog qhov tseeb tias ib tug neeg suffers los ntawm ib tug puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem uas tej zaum yuav ua rau nws los yog nws mus rau kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib yam uas lub tsev hais plaub txiav txim siab yuav tsis tooj mus rau nws los yog nws zoo tshaj plaws kev txaus siab tsis, ntawm nws tus kheej, ua rau lub xaus tias tus neeg uas yog unfit mus rau sawv mus sib. (C) Qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug liam rau tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem no tej zaum yuav tsim tus cwj pwm uas yuav cuam tshuam orderly khiav ntawm ib tug mus sib tsis muaj cob tus neeg ntawd unfit mus rau sawv mus sib. (D) Tus fact tias ib tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem no tiv thaiv nws los ntawm muaj ib tug amicable, trusting kev sib raug zoo nrog ntuas tsis tau txhais hais tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit mus rau sawv mus sib. "[27] Nyob rau tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv, lub siab tshaj plaws xeem yuav tsum tau thov yog lub xeem txoj cai teem tawm ntxov. Txawm li ntawd los, txhua tus ntawm cov saum toj no propositions yog lub suab, thiab lawv yog cov muaj raws li txoj cai qhov kev xeem.

43. Muaj ob peb yam ntawm lwm cov neeg koom tes ntawm lub High Tsev Hais Plaub hais muaj zog rau plead xeem yam tsis tau nthuav tawm rau nws cov hauj lwm, tab sis kuj yog tsis muaj disagreeing nrog Gleeson CJ tus lus. Raws li piav qhia nyob rau hauv [41] saum toj no, lub version ntawm muaj zog rau plead xeem nyob by Gleeson CJ teem ib lub siab dua chaw pib rau ib tug liam rau yuav pom haum rau plead tshaj tsis tam sim no kev soj ntsuam. Tsis muaj ib qho yog vim li cas mus hais tsis xav tias Taylorpropositions, tag nrho cov uas txoj kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv narrowed lub uas ib tug neeg yuav tsum pom unfit rau plead, yog tej yam tsawg yam rau tam sim no kev soj ntsuam uas tseem qhia tias ib hom phiaj rau nqiam cov kev tshwm sim los ntawm txoj hauj lwm uas thov nyob rau hauv Eastman.
44. Muaj ntau lub tsev hais plaub tau, li cas los xij, ua nws ntshiab uas muaj zog rau plead los yog yuav sim tsis yuav tsum tau qhov liam tus neeg uas muaj tej yam kev txawj ntse nyob rau theem ntawm, kev txawj, kev cai lij choj kev paub txog los yog paub, los yog cov kev nkag siab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv R v Rivkin [2004] NSWCCA 7; (2004) 59 NSWLR 284 (Rivkin) ib tug raug ntes raug twb sib tw rau hauv av hais tias tom qab nws mus sib tus neeg raug txim twb pom muaj ib lub hlwb qog uas yuav muaj tshwm sim los frontal lobe tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm mus sib. Lub rooj plaub twb sau tseg los ntawm NSW Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm criminal Thov raws li nyiaj ib tug txawv txawv lo lus nug, nyob rau hauv hais tias yam lub hlwb yeej ib ntus thiab treatable, tab sis nws tsis zoo rau kuv hais tias no cuam tshuam lub sib nqe ntawm lub Tsev Hais Plaub tus lus hais txog cov yam muaj nuj nqes ntawm txo nyob rau hauv kev puas hlwb muaj peev xwm txom nyem los ntawm tus liam thaum lub sij hawm ntawm nws mus sib. Lub Tsev Hais Plaub (Mason P, ntoo CJ nyob rau hauv CL thiab Sully J) said (nyob rau hauv [297] rau [298]):
Lub hauv paus lus nug uas tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv no saib taus, yog seb puas yuav txo tau ib tug nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho kev liam kom tau raws li qhov uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv R v Presser, tiam sis uas ntog luv luv ntawm denying mus hais tias liam tus muaj peev xwm to taub thiab kom ua raws li cov Hais Plaub nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm qhov tsim nyog yam, yog txaus kom tshwm sim tawm unfitness, thiab mus pov thawj appellate thaiv, nyob rau hauv raws li qhov kev xeem yav tas hais. ... Cov kev xeem nyob rau hauv R v Presser yog raws kev coj kom tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau rau qhov ncaj ncees mus sib. Tsuav qhov liam yuav to taub thiab ua raws li cov Hais Plaub nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm nws facets, muaj peev xwm muab cov lus qhia uas tsim nyog, thiab muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia ib tug kom tiv thaiv mus rau them nqi, nws los yog nws yog yuav raws li kev haum yuav tsum tau sim. Qhov tseeb tias tus liam tej zaum yuav tau ua li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo dua, twb haum kho mob kev kho mob los yog kev noj tshuaj tau muab, los yog hais tias liam Muaj ntau dua txawj ntse los yog acuity ntawm lub siab, tsis li peb yuav tsum tau yam mus rau rau lo lus nug ntawm muaj zog.

45. Nyob rau hauv Clark v Tus huab tais [2008] NSWCCA 122; (2008) 185 Ib Crim R 1 (Clark), ib tug liam insisted on kev nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv ua li ntawd, nws ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev txiav txim siab tawm tsam tswv yim txog ntawm tus kws txiav txim plaub mus sib, uas coj tus prosecutor los mus nce cov lus nug ntawm qhov sib nqe ntawm Presser xeem. Tus kws txiav txim plaub tsis txais mus sib lub tswv yim hais tias mus sib poob rau hauv lub Presser pawg. On tsis txaus siab, lub tsev hais plaub ntawm criminal Thov (Barr J, nrog leej twg lub tswb jÅ thiab Buddin J pom zoo), said nyob rau hauv [129]:
Nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim nws Honour yeej muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv sib sau qhov kev ntseeg tias lub txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub sim tsis qhia tau hais tias lub appellant tsis tuaj mus txog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nyob rau hauv cov qauv R v Presser. Relevantly, lub appellant twb to taub txog qhov ntawm Hais Plaub, ib yam dab tsi nws kom meej meej xwb, kom ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub Hais Plaub, ib yam dab tsi nws kom meej meej xwb, kom nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj tau muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm tus foob, ib yam dab tsi nws kom meej meej puas tau , thiab ua kom ib tug tiv thaiv koj los yog teb rau cov nqi, ib yam dab tsi nws yog txhob txwm ua rau ua, kuv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas tsis xam mus rau kev vam meej thiab txawm yuav puas nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv.

46. Thaum kawg nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj ntsuam kev xeem kuv yuav tsum ua ntaub ntawv thov nyob rau hauv koj Bailiff 's case, ib tug ntxiv tso cai los ntawm Taylor yog nqi quoting. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev kho mus rau qhov kev xeem tswv yim los ntawm tus neeg teb, lub Tsev Hais Plaub said (nyob rau ntawm 566 mus rau 567):
... ib tug yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm cognizant ntawm lub laj rau cov muaj zog cov kev cai nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw. Yuav kom xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim txhaum yog raws li muaj tseeb raws li ua tau, hais tias liam tau koom nyob rau hauv lub Hais Plaub los sis pab ntuas nyob rau hauv nws / nws tus tiv thaiv, uas lub meej mom ntawm txoj kev mus sib tuav, thiab hais tias, yog hais tias tsim nyog, lub txiav txim ntawm ib tug haum kab lus yog tau ua tau, tus liam yuav tsum muaj txaus puas siab puas ntsws muaj zog mus koom nyob rau hauv lub Hais Plaub nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug yuav tsum xav txog tias tus ntawm yuav tsum muaj kev ncaj ncees yuav tsum tau hais tias ib tug mus sib tuaj mus rau ib tug txiav txim zaum kawg yog tsis muaj undue ncua. Cov me nyuam ntawm siab dhau heev lawm ib chaw pib rau cov muaj zog yuav ua tau rau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov mob nyob rau hauv uas liam yuav pom unfit mus rau sawv mus sib tab txawm lub liam yog peev xwm ntawm to taub txog cov txheej txheem thiab anxious rau nws tuaj kawm tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, adopting ib tug high school chaw pib ntawm muaj zog, xws li ib tug "zoo" feem, derogates los ntawm yuav tsum muaj tus hais tias ib liam muaj cai xaiv nws tus kheej tiv thaiv thiab kom muaj nws raws li nws xaiv. Nyob rau hauv R v Swain, [(1991) 63 CCC (3D) 481] ntawm p 504, Lamer CJC, rau feem coob, nyuab siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus liam s. 7 cai Liberty uas tso cai rau nws los mus tswj nws tus kheej tiv thaiv. Ib qho kev liam uas tsis tau pom unfit mus rau sawv mus sib yuav tsum tau tso cai rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej nws, txawm yog hais tias qhov no txhais tau tias lub liam tej zaum yuav ua rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv detriment ua li ntawd. Lub autonomy ntawm liam nyob rau hauv lub adversarial system yuav tsum tau hais tias liam yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua kom xws li yuav tsum muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab hais tsis xav qhov risks muab kev koom tes.
Pov thawj yuav tsum tau npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account


47. Raws li zoo raws li ntaub ntawv sau qhia los ntawm Dr George thiab Dr Lambeth, thiab Dr Lambeth lub qhov ncauj pov thawj, kuv yuav tsum coj tus account ntawm koj Bailiff 's coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub thaum lub sij hawm lub rooj sib hais. Koj Bailiff kuv ib tug hauv paus luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais (tab sis tej zaum tsis heev raws li hauv paus raws li nws xav tau nyiam). Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib co ntawm nws muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv sau npe thiab interjections yog yam mus rau cov teeb meem kuv xav tau daws, raws li yog nws coj ntau feem ntau.
48. Nyob rau hauv noj tus account ntawm koj Bailiff 's coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub, kuv cia R v Dashwood [1943] KB 1 ntawm 4, nyob rau hauv uas lub tsev hais plaub ntawm criminal Thov hais tias cov lus qhia txog nyiaj ib lo lus nug txog ib tug liam lub zog mus rau plead tej zaum yuav raug txais los ntawm tej yam qhov chaw:
Nws tsis seb cov ntaub ntawv los mus rau lub tsev hais plaub los ntawm tus neeg raug foob nws tus kheej los yog nws advisers los yog tus foob los yog ib tus neeg ywj siab, xws li, rau Piv txwv li, cov kev kho mob tus tub ceev xwm ntawm lub tsev lojcuj uas tus neeg raug foob tau raug tawm tsis tau.

49. Nyob rau hauv R v Steurer (2009) 3 ACTLR 272 (Steurer) (ntawm [21]) Kuv tuag view tias qhov no ze thov sib npaug rau cov lus qhia txog tending kom paub meej tias muaj zog rau plead raws li cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj rau lo lus nug ntawm muaj zog rau plead.

Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm koj Bailiff

50. Kuv tig mus rau tam sim no soj ntsuam koj Bailiff tawm tsam txhua txoj cai ntawm cov txheej xwm los ntawm reference mus rau lub tswvyim qhia los ntawm Dr George thiab Dr Lambeth raws li twb tau piav, cov kev txhais ntawm txoj cai raws li cov txheej xwm twb teem tawm, thiab koj Bailiff 's coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub.
Muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (a))


51. Nyob rau hauv 2003 Dr George pom hais tias koj yeej to taub Bailiff qhov ntawm them nyiaj ces zoo heev tawm tsam nws. Dr Lambeth tus sau ib tsab ntawv daim ntawv tshaj qhia tsis tau txheeb xyuas koj Bailiff 's to taub txog ntawm tam sim no them nyiaj raws li problematic. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj pov thawj Dr Lambeth tau pom zoo hais tias koj muaj ib tug Bailiff superficial nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj tawm tsam nws. Dr Lambeth nthuav on no lo lus teb tab sis nyob rau hauv relation rau koj Bailiff 's muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog qhov nws ua thiab seb lawv tsis ncaj ncees lawm es tsis nws muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj raws li xws li (saib ntawv tseem ceeb Extract hais ntawm [52] hauv qab no ). Kuv tus neeg raug liam ua txhawj tias Dr Lambeth yeej hais tias taw tes poob pom ntawm qhov distinction hais nyob rau hauv [12] thiab [13] saum toj no nyob nruab nrab ntawm koj Bailiff 's tam sim no muaj zog rau plead mus rau qhov nqi them rau nws lub luag hauj lwm txhaum plaub rau kev ua uas muab sawv mus rau lub them nyiaj. Cov kev xeem rau lub luag hauj lwm txhaum plaub muaj xws li seb tus neeg paub "qhov thiab zoo" ntawm nws tus cwj pwm thiab paub hais tias nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm (criminal Code SS 28 (1) (a) thiab (b), saib Qhia Ntxiv).
52. Thaum lub sij hawm kev mloog ob tog koj Bailiff sim ob peb lub sij hawm mus nce tseeb teeb meem ntsig txog qhov them nyiaj (uas teeb meem txog qhov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas nws puas lub tsheb) uas yuav tau muab ib qho kev piav qhia thiab tau txawm ib tug tiv thaiv mus rau lub them nyiaj, raws li cov nram qab no sib pauv thaum lub sij hawm Dr Lambeth lub pov thawj nyob rau hauv Hmoob ua qhia:
Koj LAWTON: Yog li ntawd kuv thiaj kuv - yuav koj kev koom tes nyob rau ntawd? --- Well, qhov, qhov, tsis nws paub dab tsi tus li txoj cai txhais tau hais tias? Yes, kuv xav hais tias nws paub hais tias yog hais tias koj ua txhaum ib yam dab tsi, ces koj muaj ib yam dab tsi tawg. Puas nws paub hais tias nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm? Tej zaum yuav muaj kev to taub hais tias nws tsis yog lawm rau lwm tus neeg, tab sis vim yog lub hlwb puas tsuaj, nws pom nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws tus kheej thiaj li paub hais tias nws cog lus ib tug tsis ncaj ncees lawm li txoj cai yog nyuaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no vim hais tias, "Well, tsis, Kuv muaj ib tug zoo meej txoj cai los mus ua nws, "ua qhov tseem ceeb nws es tsis," Well, kuv yuav tsum xa mus rau dab tsi raws li txoj cai thiab dab tsi zej zog hais tias kuv ua tau thiab ua tsis tau. "koj BAILIFF: Koj Honour, lub burglary ntawm ib tonne ntawm bricks los ntawm kuv tus pem hauv ntej qhov chaw nyob thiab ib tonne ntawm cov av yog nyob deb lawm ntau tshaj li kuv tiv thaiv kuv tus kheej, koj Honour, uas yog kuv tsis txhaum cai muaj cai, koj Honour.

53. Kuv txaus siab uas koj muaj ib qho kev Bailiff nkaus txaus nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj tawm tsam nws.
Muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau ib tug plea rau them nyiaj thiab siv txoj cai los mus tauj xub jurors los yog pawg neeg pab txiav txim (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (b))


54. Nyob rau hauv relation kom nws muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau ib tug plea, Dr Lambeth ua ntej raug xa mus rau koj Bailiff 's piav qhia rau nws cov kev ua uas muab sawv mus rau lub them nqi, uas twb tau piav nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv sau tsab ntawv ceeb toom raws li nram no:
Nws piav qhia nyob rau hauv circumstantial thiab tangential lus qhov xwm txheej ntawm tej hnub. Nws qhia tias nws tus cwj pwm mas tsim "kom tau qhov teeb meem ua ntej ib tug Supreme Court Judge". Nws tau hais tias nws tsis mus nkag rau ib tug plea rau them nyiaj thiab hais tias nws yuav cia ib precedent ntawm R v Bayliff hais tias nws twb tau pom yuav unfit rau plead.

55. Raws li ib tug ntawm koj Bailiff 's piav qhia, Dr Lambeth hais tias nws ntsoov koj Bailiff "yeej yog li ntawd tsis muaj zoo txaus rau ib lub tswv yim nrog ib tug qub degree ntawm kev nkag siab thiab composure ... hais txog cov uas nkag mus rau ib tug plea nyob rau hauv hais tias rooj plaub ". Cov kev xeem thov los ntawm Dr Lambeth tsis yog rau kuv paub txog tej yam rau cov nqe lus nug seb tus neeg ntawd puas muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau ib tug plea. Es, nws nkawd mus txog kev mus rau rau lo lus nug seb yog vim li cas ntawm kev puas hlwb los ntawm xiam ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau pom tsis tau ua txhaum los ntawm ib tug nqi; ib yam ntawm cov kev xeem rau lub luag hauj lwm txhaum yog seb tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm yog vim li cas nrog ib sim degree ntawm kev nkag siab thiab composure txog seb kev them, raws li pom los ntawm ib tug uas tsim nyog tus neeg, tsis yog lawm (criminal Code, SS 28 (1) (a) thiab 28 (2)).
56. Nyob rau hauv teb rau ib lo lus nug los ntawm kuv, Dr Lambeth conceded tias koj Bailiff 's kev piav qhia rau cov tsis kam nkag mus rau ib tug plea thiab nws tso siab on nyuam qhuav pib nrhiav tau txog nws muaj zog mus rau plead yuav xav hais tias koj Bailiff muaj ib tug heev ntshiab lub tswv yim yuav ua li cas ntawm lub system ua hauj lwm thiab yuav ua li cas mus ua hauj lwm nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.
57. Raws li mus exercising nws txoj cai los mus tauj xub jurors los yog pawg neeg pab txiav txim, nyob rau hauv 2003 Dr George pom hais tias koj Bailiff "yuav muaj teeb meem ua ntaub ntawv thov nws tus kheej" vim hais tias "nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nws chaw koom tes kuj heev illogical thiab nws qhov pib delusional qauv ntawm kev xav yog predominant [uas] xav complicate nws muaj peev xwm mus tauj xub ib tug juror ". Dr Lambeth muab pov thawj tias:
[Koj Bailiff 's] muaj peev xwm ... mus xav seb puas los yog tsis tau nws yuav tsum tauj xub yuav kom meej overtaken los ntawm nej kev xav nws muaj uas tsis ua kom meej hais txog nrog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub qub xom lees. Peb frontal lobes feem ntau pab tau peb nrog cov uas tej yam thiab xav kom meej meej txog kawm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no kuv tsis ntseeg hais tias nws tsis, xav yuav siv ntau tshaj.

58. Tom qab ntawd on, Dr Lambeth conceded tias koj Bailiff yuav muaj ib tug "yooj yim to taub" hais tias nws yuav tauj xub ib tug juror tab sis said nws tsis ntseeg hais tias koj yuav Bailiff "muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ntsiab hais tias yeej tsim nyog" thiab hais tias tej yam kev sib tw yuav raws li "on nws tus kheej puas siab puas ntsws kev". Nws tau pom zoo hais tias nws saib mas raws li ib qho inference tias "qhov kev xav kev [koj Bailiff] siv los mus tauj xub hais tias pawg neeg pab txiav txim yuav sib txawv ntawm ib tug neeg uas tsis muaj qhov puas". Thaum koj Bailiff yuav qhia tau tias nws tsis xav kom ib tug kev juror, xws li ib tug kev sib tw "yuav tsis raug raws li ib tug muaj kuab li tus txheej txheem".
59. Kuv tau yav tas tswv yim on seb pawg neeg pab txiav txim kev cov nyom muaj kev rationality mus rau lawv; saib Steurer ntawm [41], qhov twg kuv said:
kev nyuaj jurors yam uas tsis muaj ib qho laj thawj yog tsis tau ib txoj kev muaj kuab rau txhua tus neeg liam, thiab yuav feem ntau yuav tsum tau los los ntawm kev ntseeg hais tias, thaum tsis delusional, tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog zoo-nrhiav tau.

60. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus dav dav nws tej zaum yuav muaj kuab rau ib tug liam ib tug neeg mus sim mus soj ntsuam seb puas muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm juror yog yuav yuav ntau tshaj los sis tsawg dua sympathetic mus rau nws, tiam sis ib tug muaj kuab zus rau soj ntsuam no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab cov heev qee yam lus qhia uas ib tus neeg liam nyob rau hauv ACT muaj peev xwm txog jurors thaum lub sij hawm cov pawg neeg pab txiav txim yog empaneled, yog nyob rau hauv Feem ntau yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua los txheeb xyuas. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm ob tug cov kws kho mob pom zoo hais tias koj Bailiff yuav tsis yuav ras hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tauj xub peev xwm jurors nrog ib tug saib kom tau ib tug ntau sympathetic lub rooj sib hais, thiab nws tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub pom zoo nws yog zoo paub tias ntawm desirability, nyob rau hauv nws cov dealings nrog qhov kev ncaj ncees system, ntawm nrhiav kev los tswj lub goodwill ntawm nws cov koom, albeit tias nws sim tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm misguided los yog txawm ironic, raws li cov nram qab no pauv nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib hais qhia tias:
Koj BAILIFF: kuv xav thov ua tsaug heev rau koj lub sij hawm thiab Mercy thiab tej zaum kuv nrhiav kev tawm mus zaum, koj Honour, thiab tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv mus rau? Nws HONOUR: Koj muaj peev xwm zaum, koj Bailiff, thiab kuv txaus siab rau nws yog hais tias koj nrhiav kev tawm mus rau sawv ntsug li no on, tag nrho cov cai? Koj BAILIFF: Yog, zoo, koj Honour, kuv zam txim uas kuv thiaj li muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog txo lub hlwb thiaj li, kuv cia li --- nws HONOUR: Li no yog tias tag nrho cov cai, kuv tsis xav tau tej yam ntxiv apologies, Kuv xav kom koj zaum. Koj BAILIFF: cas. Nws HONOUR: Peb mus tau on nrog tus muaj zog mus rau kev mloog ob tog plead. Koj BAILIFF: Koj Honour --- nws HONOUR: Tom qab hais tias yog hais txog nrog, ces kuv yuav --- koj BAILIFF: cas, kuv tsis tau mus distract koj ntxiv lawm, koj Honour, nyob rau hauv tag nrho vim hais tias nws yog kuv tus kws lij choj lub lem thiab koj Lawton lub lem.

61. Koj Bailiff 's cov nyom rau jurors tej zaum yuav zoo raws li nws kev, tau delusional, view ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis tsis muaj ib qho raws nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua ntej kuv xav hais tias nws yog incapable ntawm exercising txoj cai los mus tauj xub ib pawg neeg pab txiav txim raws li zoo li lwm yam liam tus neeg relying on nws los yog nws tus kheej instincts, kwv yees thiab tejzaum nws stereotypical views ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.
Muaj peev xwm to taub hais tias lub txheej txhem yog ib qhov kev nug txog seb tus neeg cog lus qhov ua txhaum (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (c))


62. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qhia 2003 Dr George hais tias koj Bailiff tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem comprehending tias Hais Plaub kuj muaj ib tug nug mus seb nws cog lus qhov ua txhaum muaj kev txhawj xeeb.
63. Dr Lambeth tsis txheeb xyuas kev xeem no raws li ib qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov kev txhawj xeeb nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv sau tshaj qhia, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj pov thawj conceded tias koj Bailiff xav muaj ib txhia to taub txog hais tias lub Plaub kuj muaj ib tug nug mus seb nws cog lus qhov ua txhaum.
64. Kuv nco ntsoov tias tseem muaj ib co ntawm koj Bailiff 's interjections thaum lub sij hawm lub rooj sib hais kuj ncaj qha mus rau yam nws lav rau qhov kev coj cwj pwm tawm ntawm uas tam sim no them nyiaj arose, thiab kuv tsis muaj nrog hais tias nws muaj ib tug kom to taub txog qhov ntawm Hais Plaub ( saib rau Piv txwv li nws cov lus hais nyob rau hauv [52] saum toj no).
Muaj peev xwm ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub txheej txhem (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (d))


65. Dr George said nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qhia hais tias koj 2003 Bailiff "tej zaum yuav zoo muaj teeb meem raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub Hais Plaub, piv txwv li tsis interrupting los yog hais tawm [nws] lub tswv yim nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tsis tsim nyog".
66. Dr Lambeth tus sau ib tsab ntawv daim ntawv qhia hais tias koj Bailiff yuav tsis ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm Hais Plaub. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj pov thawj nws hais tias hauv qab no yog cov Hais Plaub yuav nyuaj heev rau koj Bailiff vim nws peev xwm faculties yog impaired los ntawm nws lub hlwb puas tsuaj, "uas yog ces tso cai rau nws xav nyob rau lub sij hawm mus ua noj tshaj tej kev xav uas tej zaum yuav muaj". Dr Lambeth conceded tias koj Bailiff tsis tag tsis muaj peev xwm ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm Hais Plaub, tsuas yog hais tias nws muaj peev xwm mus ua li ntawd yog "impaired markedly". Nyob rau hauv Cross-kev xeem, Dr Lambeth hais tias nws kev txhawj xeeb txog no qauv tshau arose "vim ntawm [koj Bailiff 's] tsis muaj peev xwm nyob hauv tsev nws kev xav, nws yuav tsum tau mus sai li sai tau cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv feem ntau Hais Plaub".
67. Kuv tsis xav txog hais tias txawm tias Dr George los yog Dr Lambeth tau thov kom kev xeem nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv; s 311 (1) (d) nkawd mus rau kuv kom xa mus rau qhov liam tus muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog nyob rau hauv dav lus tus kab sab ntawm txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub sim, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txheej txheem ua raws li los yog cov khoom ua hais txog nrog rau txhua theem nyob rau hauv lub sim. Qhov no twb tau piav los ntawm Smith J hauv Presser (nyob rau ntawm 48) nyob rau hauv txoj kev no:
Nws xav tau kev pab yuav muaj peev xwm ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub Plaub thiaj li to taub txog dab tsi yog yuav mus nyob rau hauv tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv ib tug dav siab, txawm nws yuav tsum tsis txhob, ntawm chav kawm, to taub qhov hom phiaj ntawm tag nrho cov ntau lub tsev hais plaub formalities.

68. Koj Bailiff 's ib txwm mus cuam tshuam cov Hais Plaub, thiab mus ua li ntawd xwb txhob txwm, yog ib tug txawv nqe lus nug suav daws, raws li sau tseg uas nyob rau hauv pawg lus (c) ntawm Taylor propositions saws inEastman (saib [42] saum toj no):
(C) Qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug liam rau tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem no tej zaum yuav tsim tus cwj pwm uas yuav cuam tshuam orderly khiav ntawm ib tug mus sib tsis muaj cob tus neeg ntawd unfit mus rau sawv mus sib.

69. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, kuv nco ntsoov tias koj Bailiff 's kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev mloog ob tog ua ntej kuv yuav tau tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib txwm txwm ntawm ib lub tsev hais plaub hnov ​​lus nyob rau hauv uas ob tog yog sawv cev, tab sis lawv dua pom tias koj Bailiff twb them ze mloog mus tus Hais Plaub thiab paub nyob rau hauv ib tug deliberate, txawm kom, txoj kev qhov point ntawm uas mus cuam tshuam rau siab tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, raws li qhia los ntawm cov nram qab no sib pauv thaum lub sij hawm Dr Lambeth lub pov thawj nyob rau hauv Hmoob:
Koj LAWTON: Yog hais tias peb ces tsiv on, "Hais Lus mas zoo tshaj plaws li yuav piav raws li" - zoo, uas thawj zaug descriptor, pressured? --- Tau, pressured hais lus yog qhov chaw uas tus neeg mob li tsis muaj peev xwm siv sij hawm los mus hais lus tab sis xav ua kom tau nws tag nrho cov tawm nyob rau hauv ib zaug. Thiab ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov uas yuav interrupting. Kuv thiaj? --- Tau, nws yuav. Tangential? --- Tangential, doesn't --- koj BAILIFF: tawm tsam, koj Honour, kuv yeej tsis cuam tshuam. TUS NEEG UA POV THAWJ: --- doesn't stick rau taw tes, zov mus tawm ntawm tangents thiab coj li lwm cov ntsiab lus.

70. Kuv saib yog vim li cas tsis mus nrhiav tau tias koj Bailiff yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm tej yam Hais Plaub hais txog qhov them nyiaj nws yog ntsib.
Muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm tus foob (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (e))


71. Dr George said nyob rau hauv 2003 hais tias nws ntseeg koj Bailiff yuav muaj teeb meem to taub txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm tus foob, tab sis yam uas tsis tau muab tej yam kev tshab txhais rau nws saib.
72. Nyob rau hauv relation mus rau kev xeem no, Dr Lambeth said:
... rau kuv txoj kev xav, thaum kuv nkag siab txog cov pov thawj muab tawm tsam kuv, yog hais tias kuv peev xwm faculties yog impaired thiaj li hais tias kuv tsuas yog txhais tau li cas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus said ntawm kuv tus kheej kev xav tau, ces kuv tsis ntseeg hais tias kuv muab ib tug tag nrho to taub .

73. Nyob rau hauv teb rau ib lo lus nug los ntawm kuv, Dr Lambeth conceded tias feem ntau cov neeg uas xav liam txhais lus thiab ntsuam xyuas cov pov thawj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus dab tsi nws txhais tau hais tias rau lawv, tab sis taw tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv koj Bailiff 's case "muaj peev xwm txhais tau tej yam xws li tus qub txoj kev yog yog li ntawd ntau heev impaired ".
74. Ob ntawm koj Bailiff 's interjections yog yam nyob rau hauv uas thov kev pabcuam kev xeem no. Tus thawj ib twb tau thaum lub sij hawm Dr Lambeth lub pov thawj, thiab yog hais ntawm [52] saum toj no.
75. Qhov yuav lwm lub teb chaws tuaj ntawm koj Bailiff 's interjection (tias tub sab nyiag nws tej khoom yog nyob deb ntau tsis ncaj ncees lawm tshaj li nws tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm damaging lwm tus neeg lub vaj tse) tej zaum yuav yog ib qho arguable Proposition, tab sis nws yog ib qho Proposition tias ncaj qha teb rau Dr Lambeth lub articulation li cas ib tug tus neeg uas yog haum rau plead xav xav. Relevantly mus rau qhov kev xeem tam sim no raug suav hais tias yog, nws ua qhia ib tug muaj peev xwm los mus xav txog qhov ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv tej mus sib ntawm no ua txhaum thiab cov yam muaj nuj nqes ntawm pov thawj mus rau kev cai lij choj sib ceg yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub sim.
76. Qhov thib ob interjection txog ntau uas mus rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub liam ua txhaum, thiab coj qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm koj Kukulies-Smith tus tso npe txog s 315 (4) ntawm cov teeb meem txhaum cai Act:
Koj KUKULIES-Smith: Raws li mus rau trivial qhov ntawm them nyiaj, tus nqi yog, thiab yog hais tias koj Honour zoo nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias kuv tus phooj ywg nyob rau hauv tendered relation mus rau nqi, cov nqi nyiaj rau tus poob ntawm ob lub pob zeb loj loj, Ua ntej los ntawm ib tug windscreen ntawm ib lub tsheb ces txheej txhem mus rau nram qab ntawm lub tsheb thiab poob ib tug nyias muaj nyias pob zeb los ntawm cov nram qab --- koj BAILIFF: Nws yog tiag ib pob zeb los ntawm sab pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab ntawd ces kuv tos nws li thiab ces kuv muab tso rau los ntawm lub qab koj Honour thiab ces rov qab nyob rau hauv kuv driveway. Nws yog tom qab tus txiv neej ua yuav coj kuv bricks thiab av los ntawm kuv sab pem hauv ntej vaj teb. Nws HONOUR: Kuv tsis xav tias nws tiag tiag Matters seb nws yog ib tug pob zeb los yog ob tug, tab sis ua tsaug rau koj tias clarification. Koj BAILIFF: Tiam sis hais tias lub pov thawj koj Honour. Kuv tsis tau misrepresent qhov tseeb los ntawm hais tias muaj ob, muaj tsuas yog ib kuv siv.

77. Koj Bailiff 's xav kom meej seb puas muaj ib pob zeb los yog ob tug pom ib tug tseem ceeb rau ib tug kom meej hais tias yog irrelevant nyob rau hauv lub zog mus rau kev mloog ob tog plead, tab sis nws tsis yog ib tug irrational ze mus rau lub pov thawj; seb nws siv tib lub pob zeb los sis txhob txwm muab ib ob pob zeb yuav tig tawm yuav yam nyob rau hauv ib sim (rau raws li Piv txwv li mus rau lub muaj cai yauv ntawm cov neeg ua pov thawj rau qhov teeb meem) los yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mloog ob tog sentencing (nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm teeb meem xws li premeditation).
78. Koj Bailiff 's muaj peev xwm teb (albeit nyob rau hauv ib tug procedurally tsis tsim nyog txoj kev) mus rau chiv keeb mus rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws ua txhaum muaj tsis muaj kev them nyiaj yug rau ib tug nrhiav tau hais tias koj Bailiff yuav tsis nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov foob ua pov thawj. Muaj hais txog pab los ntawm koj Bailiff ntawm lub hom hais saum toj no, kuv tsis yuav txaus siab mus nrhiav nws unfit rau plead by reference rau no yam tsis muaj qauv tshau deb ntau yam pov thawj ntawm nws tsis muaj peev xwm to taub txog qhov ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov foob ua pov thawj.
Muaj peev xwm mus muab cov lus qhia rau tus neeg kws lij choj (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (f))


79. Dr George tswv yim nyob rau hauv 2003 tias koj Bailiff xav tej zaum zoo li sawv cev rau nws tus kheej thaum nws yuav zoo qhia kom muaj kev cai lij choj ntuas, thiab hais tias nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm adequately qhia ntuas. Dr Lambeth lub tsab ntawv ceeb toom tseem yuav qhia ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm mus muab cov lus qhia rau nws tus kws lij choj raws li ib tug keeb ntawm koj Bailiff ua unfit rau plead. Nyob rau hauv lub pov thawj Dr Lambeth hais tias koj Bailiff yuav tsis muab cov lus qhia rationally. Nws xa mus rau koj Bailiff 's views txog ntau lwm yam kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv cov kev ua uas nws tau muab kev koom tes, qhov nyuaj uas Dr George twb hais nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nrog nws tswj koj Bailiff, thiab nws tus kheej kev paub ntawm koj Bailiff' s "pressured, tshaj elaborative hais lus ... nyob qhov twg peb yeej tsis tau tej yam kev paub ntawm yog dab tsi tiag tiag twb tshwm sim ".
80. Cov prosecutor nrhiav mus nug Dr Lambeth hais txog cov lus qhia koj Bailiff tau muab koj Kukulies-Smith thaum lub sij hawm lub rooj sib hais; koj Kukulies-Smith objected mus rau rau lo lus nug raws hais tias nws tsis ncaj qha hais lus qhia los ntawm koj Bailiff tiam sis los ntawm Public Advocate. Rau lo lus nug no mas disallowed on tias hauv av, thiab tej zaum yuav tsis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg los tau ib tug uas tsim nyog ib tug rau Dr Lambeth, uas tej zaum twb tsawg txawj tshaj tus kws lijchoj nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv soj ntsuam seb koj Bailiff 's lus hais txog thiab thov kom koj Kukulies-Smith xav tau pab tau los sis muaj kuab lus qhia.
81. Kuv tus kheej kev soj ntsuam los ntawm observing koj Bailiff 's sib nrog koj Kukulies-Smith nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub yog hais tias koj Bailiff' s dealings nrog ib tug kws lij choj ua yeeb yam rau nws sawv cev yuav idiosyncratic thiab muaj feem frustrating rau nws tus kws lij choj, tab sis hais tias nws cov lus qhia yuav nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yuav ntau ntse tshaj cias "cia nws ntuas paub dab tsi nws version ntawm qhov tseeb yog thiab, yog hais tias tsim nyog, qhia chaw hais plaub li cas nws yog ib qhov" thiab ua "muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog dab tsi tiv thaiv nws yuav cia thaum" (Presser, hais ntawm [34] saum toj no) . Tseeb, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv lub pauv hais ntawm [52] saum toj no, koj Bailiff tau, yam tsis muaj kev cai lij choj Thaj tau kev pab, los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws npaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm muaj zog mus rau kev mloog ob tog plead.
82. Pawg lus (d) ntawm Taylor propositions yog tas sis tawm yam no.
(D) Tus fact tias ib tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem no tiv thaiv nws los ntawm muaj ib tug amicable, trusting kev sib raug zoo nrog ntuas tsis tau txhais hais tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit mus rau sawv mus sib.

83. Tsis muaj ib qho tswv yim nyob rau hauv no hais tias koj Bailiff 's ze rau instructing nws kws lijchoj tau muaj cob nws incapable ntawm muaj ib tug amicable, trusting kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus kws lijchoj - nws lub yuav txaus cov nqe lus nrog koj Kukulies-Smith thiab hais warmly ntawm lwm tus kws lij choj leej twg sawv cev rau nws nyob rau hauv lwm qhov teeb meem. Txij thaum qhov nws kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus kws lijchoj yog tsis nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug, cov yam muaj nuj nqes ntawm no Taylor Proposition tsuas yog nws feem nyob rau hauv narrowing lub Scope ntawm reference rau ib tug muaj peev xwm mus qhia tus neeg tus kws lij choj.
84. Raws li qhov teeb meem canvassed ntawm [102] rau [110] hauv qab no, kuv yuav saib tau tsis yog vim li cas rau nrhiav tias koj Bailiff yuav tsis tau muab cov lus qhia rau nws tus kws lij choj kom tus qauv yuav tsum tau rau s 311 (1) (f).

Lwm yam tso npe
Yam muaj nuj nqes ntawm koj Bailiff 's delusions


85. Koj Kukulies-Smith kos tawm ib co ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj Bailiff 's delusions txog nws yav tas los raws li txoj cai Hais Plaub thiab nws cov dealings nrog ntau yam kev cai lij choj muaj koob twg, thiab xa hais tias cov delusions yog li pervasive tias lawv tiv thaiv tau koj Bailiff "rationally nkag rau nrog Hais Plaub hauv ib tug ntau txoj hau kev "thiab yog li ntawd muaj cob koj Bailiff unfit rau plead. Kuv twb xaus lus ntawm [61] saum toj no hais tias koj Bailiff 's delusions tsis muaj cob nws unfit rau plead by reference mus rau lub qauv tshau teev nyob rau hauv s 311 (1) (b). Kuv tseem nco ntsoov pawg lus (a) ntawm lub Taylor propositions:
(A) Qhov tseeb hais tias ib tus neeg liam suffers los ntawm ib tug delusion tsis, ntawm nws tus kheej, muaj cob nws unfit mus rau sawv mus sib, txawm yog hais tias hais tias delusion kev mus rau raug-teeb meem ntawm lub sim.

86. Tsis yog tus twg Dr George tsis Dr Lambeth qhia koj Bailiff 's delusions raws li ib qhov teeb meem muaj cob nws feem ntau unfit rau plead. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj zog mus rau kev mloog ob tog plead, koj Bailiff raug xa mus rau ib co ntawm nws kev ntseeg uas kuv hais tsis xav yuav delusional, tab sis cov delusional kev ntseeg, yog hais tias tau hais tias yog dab tsi lawv, tsis tshwm rau distract nws los ntawm focussing kom meej meej nyob rau teeb meem tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem thaum nws haum rau nws kom ua li ntawd. Thaum tsis muaj ib tug meej txuas ntawm koj Bailiff 's kev delusions thiab txawm tias nws dav muaj peev xwm mus koom nyob rau hauv ib sim los yog feem ntawm delusions nyob rau hauv relation no kev mus sib, kuv tsis pom hais tias cov delusions yuav tsum tau kuv nrhiav nws unfit mus plead.
Yam muaj nuj nqes ntawm 2003 Nrhiav ntawm muaj zog rau plead


87. Koj Kukulies-Smith taw tawm:
(Ib tug)
hais tias nyob rau hauv 2003 koj Bailiff twb pom yuav unfit rau plead thiab tsis zoo li yuav haum tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis; thiab
(B)
hais tias tom ntej uas koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead tau amounted mus rov qab cov kev soj ntsuam tias nws mob tau tsis tau hloov txij li thaum 2003.

Los ntawm no nws kos lub muaj kuab xaus tias koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead tsis tau hloov thiab yog li ntawd tias nws tseem unfit rau plead.
88. Txawm li ntawd los, lub substantive (raws li tau txav deb ntawm muaj kuab) correctness ntawm koj Kukulies-Smith lub xaus nyob ntawm tus raug cai ntawm nws thaj chaw, uas yog, nyob rau correctness ntawm nyuam qhuav pib nrhiav tau thiab ntawm unstated premise hais tias qhov kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead mas tib nyob rau hauv 2003 raws li nws yog tam sim no. Cov kev xeem nyob rau hauv 2003 Qhov tseeb differed los ntawm tam sim no ib tug xwb nyob rau hauv hnub nyoog respects (saib [37] saum toj no), tiam sis txawm sib nrug los ntawm no kuv tsis muaj hauv paus rau kwv yees tias lub Mental Health Tribunal txiav txim nyob rau hauv 2003 thaws rov los rau daim ntawv thov ntawm tus kev cai lij choj ntawv ntsuam xyuas rau cov muaj zog rau plead cov uas raug nyob rau hauv ACT nyob rau hauv 2010 (raws li tau tham txog ntawm [34] rau [46] saum toj no). Mus rau lub tsis tooj, tus xaus hu los ntawm Dr George nyob rau hauv 2003 (uas li tau muab lub hauv paus rau lub Mental Health Tribunal lub 2003 txiav txim, tab sis kuv tsis tau pom ib tug tsi ntsees daim ntawv qhia rau hais tias siv) tshwm yuav tsum tau raws li ib thaj tsam ntawm kwv yees tias yog inconsistent nrog rau tam sim no cov kev xeem. Txawm lawv nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb kuj inconsistent nrog rau cov kev xeem yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau thov los ntawm Mental Health Tribunal nyob rau hauv 2003 tsis yog ib yam dab tsi kuv yuav tsum tau xav txog. Txawm raug cai ntawm 2003 kev ntsuam xyuas, nws nkawd rau kuv tias kuv obliged ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas raws li lub pov thawj ua ntej kuv tam sim no thiab tam sim no raws li txoj cai raws li kuv to taub tias nws yuav, es txhob xav rau kuv tus kheej ki uake los ntawm 2003 txiav txim los ntawm Teebmeem Kev Xav kev noj qab nyob Tribunal tias koj Bailiff mas unfit rau plead.
Yam muaj nuj nqes ntawm Dr Lambeth tus pib ntawm txoj kev kho mob kom daim ntawv thov


89. Koj Kukulies-Smith taw mus rau Dr Lambeth lub pov thawj hais tias ua raws li nws kev soj ntsuam ntawm koj Bailiff nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm nws muaj zog mus rau plead, nws pib ib daim ntawv thov rau ib tug txoj kev kho mob thiaj li. Dr Lambeth muab pov thawj tias qhov no tsis yog nws niaj zaus xyaum nyob rau hauv relation rau cov neeg raug xa mus rau cov muaj zog rau plead cov kev soj ntsuam.
90. Nws yog ib tseeg lub rooj plaub hais tias koj Bailiff tau txom nyem, thiab mus txom nyem, ib los sis ntau tshaj tej yam kev mob puas siab puas ntsws uas cuam tshuam rau nws muaj peev xwm mus Function "feem ntau sib xws" tsis pub dhau zej zog. Nws yog tej zaum yuav lub rooj plaub hais tias cov mob li tej zaum los yog yeej ib txwm pov thawj qhov ua thiab ua hauj ib Kev kho Order rau koj Bailiff 's tiv thaiv. Txawm li ntawd los, lub txheej xwm rau qhov txiav txim siab ntawm ib Kev kho Order (saib s 28, Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT), teem tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv) yog tsis sib txawv ntawm cov txheej xwm rau cov kev txiav txim seb tus presumption ntawm muaj zog rau plead yog rebutted nyob rau hauv ib qho kev cov ntaub ntawv, thiab thiaj li Dr Lambeth lub commendable kev txhawj xeeb rau koj Bailiff raws li qhia los ntawm nws tus pib ntawm Kev Kho Mob Order Hais Plaub yeej tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tshawb xyuas tias kuv undertaking. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug nrhiav tau hais tias ib tug Kev kho Order yuav tsim nyog tej zaum yuav tsis detract los ntawm daim ntawv thov kev ntawm tej yam raws li txoj cai hais txog cov muaj zog rau plead, thiab tsis yuav kuv nrhiav seb puas raug raws appropriateness ntawm ib Kev kho Order.
Sau ib tsab ntawv tso npe sawv cev ntawm koj Bailiff

General comments on ACT kev cai


91. Nyob rau hauv nws sau ib tsab ntawv tso npe yuav tsum yog tom qab lub rooj sib hais twb tiav lawm, koj Kukulies-Smith sib cav hais tias nyob rau hauv ACT, "lub inclusive thiab ntev txhais li cas tej zaum yuav muab sawv mus rau ib tug neeg ua unfit rau plead yog xav paub ntau tshaj raws li nrog ib tug tsawg dua siab dua chaw pib rau ib tug nrhiav tau hais tias ib tus neeg raug foob tsis haum ". Nws tsis yog tseeb rau kuv hais tias lub xeem ACT yog hais inclusive los yog ntev los ntawm kev sib piv nrog rau Presser xeem; es, nws li yuav loj ib sim pawg lus lub Presser xeem rau hauv daim ntawv ntsig txog tiam lis pej xeem. Tseeb, ib tug tau ceev faj kev sib piv ntawm lub Presser xeem thiab tam sim no rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm s 311 (1) ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act qhia tias tsuas yog yam Smith J lub kev piav qhia ntawm qhov uas tsim nyog kev soj ntsuam uas tsis muaj tshaj tawm thaws rov los nyob rau hauv s 311 (1), txawm tias nyob rau hauv Smith J tus kheej lo lus los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug heev uas zoo sib xws co ntawm cov lo lus, yog qhov yuav tsum tau hais tias tus liam yuav "muaj peev xwm ua kom nws tiv thaiv los yog lo lus teb mus rau lub them nyiaj", uas omitted by kho tom qab Kesavarajah (saib [36]). Muab ACT presumption ntawm muaj zog rau plead, uas omission xav li qhia seb ib tug siab dua es tsis muaj ib tug tsawg dua chaw pib rau unfitness rau plead. Tsis puas qhov kev sib piv ntawm lub Presser xeem thiab tam sim no ACT kev kuaj tshwm rau qha lwm yam raws li uas kuv yuav pom tau tias qhov ACT cai no tsuas yog hais yaum ib tug qis dua ib tug siab dua chaw pib rau nrhiav unfitness rau plead.
92. Koj Kukulies-Smith xa, uncontroversially, hais tias cov nqe lus ntawm Taylor saws los ntawm Gleeson CJ nyob rau hauv Eastman "tsuas yog ua lub commonsense Proposition tias teeb meem [them rau los ntawm cov nqe lus] tsis cia li ua rau ib tug nrhiav ntawm unfitness". Nws ces mus on hais tias "nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias paragraphs ntawm R v Taylor saws nyob rau hauv Eastman tsis preclude xws li teeb meem ua lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug nrhiav tias ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead". Yuav kom raws li hais tias no raws txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg tej zaum yuav pom unfit rau plead txawm nyob qhov twg ib los yog ntau tshaj ntawm Taylor propositions yog yam, kuv tsis muaj sib cav nrog nws. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias koj Kukulies-Smith npaj assert tias ib tug neeg tej zaum yuav pom unfit rau plead txhob txwm on ib yam ntawm cov thaj av tsis txais los ntawm tus Canadian lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv Taylor li tsis justifying ib tug nrhiav ntawm unfitness rau plead, hais tias yuav tsum tsis yog hais tias ib txais Gleeson CJ tus saib nyob rau hauv relation mus rau Taylor propositions hais tias nyob rau hauv ACT "txhua saum toj no propositions yog lub suab, thiab lawv yog cov muaj raws li qhov kev xeem txoj cai".
93. Ib qho piv txwv tej zaum kuj yuav pab tau. Proposition (a) ntawm Taylor yog raws li nram no:
Lub fact tias ib liam tus neeg suffers los ntawm ib tug delusion tsis, ntawm nws tus kheej, muaj cob nws unfit mus rau sawv mus sib, txawm yog hais tias hais tias delusion kev mus rau raug teeb meem ntawm lub sim.

94. Yog hais tias koj Kukulies-Smith yog tawm tswv yim hais tias (txawm Eastman thiab Gleeson CJ tus me nyuam ntawm Taylor Proposition) qhov kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug delusion tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv ib co tej yam teeb meem, ntawm nws tus kheej, muaj cob ib qho kev liam tus neeg unfit mus rau sawv mus sib txawm yog hais tias hais tias delusion tsis muaj cob nws los yog nws unfit raws li tej yam ntawm paragraphs ntawm s 311 (1), hais tias tswv yim li kuv yuav inconsistent nrog rau raws li txoj cai nyob rau hauv ACT raws li xam tau tias nyob rau hauv Eastman.
95. Raws li, kuv tsis tau pom tej yam raws li nyob rau hauv ACT cai rau nrhiav tau tias tus ACT kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead no tsuas yog teem ib lub chaw pib qis tshaj li qhov Presser xeem rau ib tug nrhiav ntawm unfitness rau plead.
Human Rights Act 2004


96. Koj Kukulies-Smith adverted briefly rau ob cov kev cai ntawm cov Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT), uas SS 21 thiab 30, uas yog teem tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv rau kev txiav txim no. Seem 21 yog hais txog feem ntau mus rau txoj cai ncaj ncees sim, thiab s 30 yuav tsum tau hais tias "ib ncig txoj cai yuav tsum tau muab txhais nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas yog sib xws nrog tib neeg txoj cai".
97. Nws tsis yog tseeb rau kuv hais tias nws yog ib qhov uas tsim nyog rau kuv xav txog lub Human Rights Act Ua raws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyob hauv no, vim hais tias kuv tsis nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm yuav tau txaus siab uas tau muaj ua raws li s 34 ntawm tias Act, uas yuav tsum muaj kev ceeb toom mus rau tus Attorney General-nyob rau hauv tej yam kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas Human Rights Act cov lus nug nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub tsa Hais Plaub (hais tias kev ceeb toom tsis yog hais tias yuav tsum tau "lub ib ncig" yog ib tug neeg sab nrauv rau tus txheej txhem, tab sis seb tus Director of Public Prosecutions yog "lub ib ncig" rau cov cov hom phiaj muaj tsis rau kuv paub tau hais, thiab muaj respectable sib ceg yuav tawm tsam tias Proposition).
98. Koj Kukulies-Smith tus tso npe tsis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb li mus dhau sib cav hais tias Human Rights Act yuav tsum s 311 (1) yuav tsum tau nyeem nyob rau hauv nrog lub ntau txoj cai uas yuav tsum tau hais tias tus liam tau Mount ib tug "kom tiv thaiv" thiaj li "mus rau temper lub presumption ntawm muaj zog pom nyob rau hauv s 312 ". Kuv tsis tsis pom zoo nrog qhov hais tias raws s 311 yuav tsum tau muab txhais raws li uas ua kev nrog qhov yuav tsum tau hais tias liam yog muaj peev xwm Mount ib tug "kom tiv thaiv", tab sis nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau pom tias on tias raws lub Human Rights Act, nce qib ua tus sib cav twb muab los ntawm koj Kukulies-Smith by reference mus hais plaub ntug uas lub hauj lwm ntawm Presser xeem (saib [40] saum toj no).
99. Txawm li cas los kuv tsis tsum inclined txais, yam tsis muaj tsis hnov ​​lus kom sib cav hais txog cov nqe lus nug, tias tus tiv thaiv ntawm tib neeg txoj cai yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov kev xeem rau unfitness rau plead yuav tsum tsawg dua stringent es tsis ntau stringent. Ib tug nrhiav tias ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead tej zaum yuav pom raws li depriving tus neeg ntawm nws los yog nws tib neeg txoj cai, nyob rau hauv hais tias tus neeg yog deprived ntawm tag nrho cov cai muaj nyob rau lwm tus liam cov neeg ntsib ib tug qub mus sib. Ib tug neeg uas tsis tau peev xwm ntawm exercising cov cai yuav tsum tau muab kho txawv los ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm, kom tsis txhob ua lub spectacle ntawm tag nrho qhov ceeb thawj ntawm criminal justice system ua coj tuaj rau dais rau ib tus neeg uas nyob rau hauv ib los yog ntau respects cias tsis tsis nkag siab txog dab tsi tshwm sim rau nws los yog nws (saib Gleeson CJ nyob rau hauv Eastman ntawm [64]), tab sis nws li rau kuv hais tias tib neeg cov cai tsis tau furthered by nthuav tawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov cai los txheeb xyuas cov tib neeg raws li incapable ntawm koom ua txhua nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj system. Lub Extract los ntawm Taylorquoted ntawm [46] saum toj no yog ib yam rau kuv kev txhawj xeeb.
100. Raws li hais nyob rau hauv [12] thiab [13] saum toj no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog kom khov kho nyob rau hauv lub siab lub distinction nruab nrab ntawm lo lus nug ntawm muaj zog rau plead thiab rau lo lus nug ntawm txhaum plaub lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev ua, cov lus nug uas yog hais txog nrog xwb cais nyob rau hauv ACT thiab , raws li deb raws li kuv paub, feem ntau thoob plaws hauv teb chaws Australia. Nws yuav tsis zoo li yuav sib xws nrog tib neeg txoj cai los tuav ib tug neeg criminally lub luag hauj lwm rau ib qho kev txiav txim nyob qhov twg tus neeg tus cuj pwm lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov kev txiav txim twb heev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev puas hlwb puas. Tab sis kev tiv thaiv ntawm tib neeg txoj cai yuav tsum tau xwm yeem nrog uas Proposition yog tsis tau furthered los ntawm ib tug tsawg dua stringent ze rau unfitness rau plead cov txheej xwm, uas, raws li twb tau sau tseg, tej zaum yuav puas rau tus neeg tib neeg txoj cai los ntawm tshem nws los yog nws los ntawm noj ib feem nyob rau hauv ib tug kom sim thiab subjecting nws los yog nws mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib hais; ntawm lwm yam, nyob rau hauv ACT ib tug nrhiav ntawm unfitness rau plead deprives qhov liam tus neeg ntawm tau los ntawm ib tug verdict ntawm tsis txhaum los ntawm yog vim li cas ntawm kev puas hlwb puas (saib Steurer ntawm [33] rau [35] thiab [88]).
101. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas sib cav no tau raug tsa, thiab nyob rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tam sim no ua ntej kuv, kuv tsis pom tej yam hauv paus rau cov ntaub ntawv thov rau ib qho kev txhais ntawm s 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act hais tias txawv los ntawm nws txhais sib nrug los ntawm cov Human Rights Act; li cas los xij, no xaus yuav tsum tsis tsum nyeem raws li rov xav txog ib tug neeg suav hais tias yog kuv hais tias cov Human Rights Act tsis muaj yam muaj nuj nqes rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm muaj zog rau plead tshawb.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm muaj zog rau plead thiab Saibxyuas Order


102. Raws li hais nyob rau hauv [8] saum toj no, lub tshiab pov thawj uas muab los ntawm koj Kukulies-Smith tias on 27 Lub kaum hli ntuj 2009 ACT Civil thiab Administrative Tribunal tau ib tug thiaj li hais tias "tus Public Advocate ntawm Australian capital ib ncig yuav taw Tus Saib Xyuas ntawm [koj Bailiff] nrog cai yog tas rau kev cai lij choj teeb meem ".
103. Koj Kukulies-Smith, nyob rau hauv ntxaws thiab txawj xav tso npe, sib cav hais tias raws li ib tug ntawm ua no thiaj li, koj Bailiff tsis yog, raws li ib tug teeb meem ntawm txoj cai, muaj peev xwm muab cov lus qhia rau nws tus kws lij choj, thiab hais tias yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum raug pom unfit mus plead by reference rau qhov kev xeem teem tawm nyob rau hauv s 311 (1) (f), uas yog hais tias nws "tsis tau ... muab cov lus qhia rau [nws] kws lij choj ".
104. Cov yam kev cai ntawm Saibxyuas thiab Tswj ntawm Khoom Act 1991 (ACT) (tus Saibxyuas Act) yog SS 4, 5, 7, thiab 7B 11. Lawv teeb tsa tawm nyob rau hauv Qhia Ntxiv.
105. Txawm li cas los, txawm tus saib xyuas nrog uas koj Kukulies-Smith tau sib cav nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm nws raws, thiab txawm nws superficial tsis txaus siab, kuv tsis tau txais nws.
106. Qhov s 7 txheej xwm rau lub ua ntawm ib tug Saibxyuas Order yog qhia txawv los ntawm, thiab tsis li muaj tej yam tsim nyog yuav tau sib tshooj nrog, qhov kev xeem rau cov muaj zog rau plead teem tawm nyob rau hauv s 311 ntawm theCrimes Act. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg uas ib tus neeg saib xyuas yog taw nyob rau hauv s 7 thaum lawv cov kev txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm yog impaired vim ib tug cev nqaij daim tawv mob yuav tsis tau txaus siab qhov kev xeem nyob rau hauv s 311 (1) rau unfitness rau plead, vim hais tias tej yam tsis muaj peev xwm mus qhia ib tug kws lij choj yuav tsis yuav vim disordered los yog puas siab puas ntsws impaired kev. Yog li, nws yuav tsis yuav lub rooj plaub tias ib tug neeg uas ib tus neeg saib xyuas tau raug xaiv yog tau thiab cia li mus rau unfit plead by yog vim li cas ua tsis tau qhia ib tug kws lij choj.
107. Nqe Lus 312 (3) (a) ntawm tus teeb meem txhaum cai Act hais tias muaj zog rau plead yog ib lo lus nug ntawm qhov tseeb, thiab s 311 (1) (f) nkawd mus rau nrog qhov tseeb ntawm tus neeg muaj peev xwm ("ua tau tsis") es tsis nrog lawv cov kev cai lij choj muaj peev xwm los yog lwm yam kev cai lij choj txwv nyob rau Scope rau lawv qhia kws lijchoj. Koj Kukulies-Smith tej zaum yuav muaj tseeb tias s 11 ntawm Saibxyuas Act paub licas pib cais ntawm kev cai lij choj cai ntawm tus neeg raug tus thiaj li. Txawm li cas los, hais tias tsis tau txhais tau tias tus neeg yog li ntawd "ua tau tsis ... muab cov lus qhia rau [nws] kws lij choj "rau lub hom phiaj ntawm s 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act.
108. Txuas ntxiv mus, raws li koj Kukulies-Smith taw tawm, tus txiav txim siab ntawm ib tug Saibxyuas Order tsis muaj cob tus tiv thaiv tus neeg "cov lus qhia" insignificant los yog ineffective; es, qhov tus neeg saib xyuas yog los ntawm s 4 ntawm tus Saibxyuas Act yuav tsum tau muab siv mus rau tiv thaiv tus neeg xav li cas "raws li deb raws li lawv muaj peev xwm yuav ua hauj lwm tawm ... tshwj tsis yog tias txiav txim siab qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv raws li qhov xav li cas yuav ua significantly adversely muaj feem rau tus tiv thaiv tus neeg kev txaus siab "(s 4 (2) (a)). Nyob qhov twg cov kev txaus siab yuav adversely cuam tshuam, tus tus saib xyuas yog tseem yuav tsum tau muab siv mus rau cov xav li cas raws li deb li sai tau raug tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg (SS 4 (2) (b) thiab (c)). Hais tias yog, tus saib xyuas kev npaj rau hais tsis xav tias tus neeg uas nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug tej zaum yuav khaws ib tug ntau heev muaj peev xwm mus qhia ntau los sis tsawg dua muaj kuab xav li cas, thiab yuav tsum tau hais tias cov uas xav li cas yog muab ua hauj lwm tshwj tsis yog tias tau hais tias yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam significantly tus neeg txaus siab.
109. Thaum kawg, kuv nco tias thaum lub sij hawm kev mloog ob tog ua ntej kuv nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 2009, koj Bailiff mas twb raug ib tug Saibxyuas Order, thiab koj Kukulies-Smith yog raws li tau qhia los ntawm Public Advocate lub chaw ua haujlwm; no tsis tiv thaiv koj Bailiff thiab koj Kukulies- Smith conferring, nyob rau ntawm koj Bailiff 's instigation, hais txog cov lus nug yuav tsum tau nug nyob rau hauv Cross-kev soj ntsuam ntawm Dr Lambeth, nrog rau lub txiaj ntsim uas koj Kukulies-Smith nug ib tug ntxiv series ntawm cov lus nug ntawm Dr Lambeth txog ib tug txawm hais tias nws cia siab rau ces on nyob rau hauv nws tso npe.
110. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus, tus txiav txim siab ntawm ib tug Saibxyuas Order tsis ncaj qha muaj kev cuam tshuam koj Bailiff 's cev nqaij daim tawv los yog puas siab puas ntsws muaj peev xwm mus muab tau cov lus qhia; nws tej zaum yuav txwv tsis pub lub Scope rau ib tug kws lij choj yuav coj tus account ntawm koj Bailiff' s cov lus qhia qhov twg lawv tshwm rau yuav significantly cov nyom mus rau nws kev txaus siab, tab sis nws tsis tshem tawm lub Scope rau nws cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau txais thiab ua on (s 4 ntawm tus Saibxyuas Act); tsis tau nws yuav tsum hais li no, muab hais tias Saibxyuas Order yog tau on txawv cov txheej xwm, hais tias txiav txim siab los yog hais ntawm ib tug Saibxyuas Order yog yam raug cai inconsistent nrog ib tug nrhiav ntawm muaj zog rau plead.
Xaus on lwm yam tso npe


111. Tsis muaj ntawm koj Kukulies-Smith lub tso npe tau persuaded kuv tias koj Bailiff yuav tsum tau pom unfit rau plead nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm nws tsis txaus siab tej yam ntawm cov txheej xwm rau unfitness rau plead teem tawm nyob rau hauv s 311.

Daim ntawv thov rau cov nyob rau hauv thiaj li teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 315 (4)

112. Raws li twb tau hais, koj Kukulies-Smith thov rau ib tug thiaj li nyob rau hauv s 315 (4) ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act dismissing tus them nyiaj tawm tsam koj Bailiff muaj hais txog nws cov trivial qhov los yog qhov koj Bailiff 's puas siab puas ntsws puas.
113. Qhov them nqi nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nqa ib siab tshaj plaws rau txim 10 xyoo raug kaw thiab raug nplua ib tug ntau heev. Yuav ua li cas koj Bailiff yog liam kom tau ua tshwm rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev tshwm sim los mus rau ib lub tsheb raug siv los ntawm ib tus neeg uas twb ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv caum ntawm nws khi raws li cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm ib tug tej khoom uas los ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv lub koom haum. Txawm cov cai thiab cov wrongs ntawm cov teeb meem, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias ua li puas nyob rau hauv xws li txoj kev tshwm sim yog ib tug trivial teeb meem.
114. Koj Kukulies-Smith sau tseg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau tso npe uas muaj tsis muaj pov thawj ua ntej lub tsev hais plaub hais txog qhov muaj nqis ntawm lub vaj tse puas tsuaj, tab sis kuv tsis pom tias hais tias obliges kuv hais tsis xav hais tias tsuas yog me me puas twb tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tawg ntawm ob windscreens. Nyob rau hauv hais tias ntsiab kuv nco ntsoov koj Bailiff 's thov nyiaj thaum lub sij hawm kev mloog ob tog ua ntej kuv hais tias nws twb them nyiaj rau tus hloov ntawm windscreens, thiab lub fact tias ib tug muab them rau qhov kev puas tsuaj mas tseem yuav tseg rau tub ceev xwm Statement ntawm qhov tseeb; yog hais tias koj Bailiff twb compensated lub tsheb tus tswv rau qhov kev puas tsuaj nws tshwm sim los, uas tej zaum yuav piav qhia txog menyuam qhaj ntawv los ntawm ib tug tau hais muaj nuj nqis rau kev puas tsuaj los yog ib tug thov nyiaj rau reparation.
115. Txuas ntxiv mus, tsis muaj dab tsi uas arose thaum lub sij hawm los yog raws li ib tug ntawm cov muaj zog mus rau kev mloog ob tog pom zoo plead tias qhov twg puas siab puas ntsws puas txom nyem los ntawm koj Bailiff yuav tsum zam rau nws los ntawm ib tug kom txiav txim siab ntawm nws lub luag hauj lwm txhaum plaub, los yog hais tias xws li ib tug txiav txim yuav pointless nyob rau hauv paub hais tias nws yuav tsis convey tej yam muaj nuj nqis lus rau koj Bailiff. Nyob rau hauv no hais tias, kuv tsis hais tsis xav hais tias tej yam uas muaj nuj nqis lus xav tau yuav heeded los ntawm koj Bailiff, tab sis kuv tsis muaj yog vim li cas mus ntseeg tau hais tias nws yuav tsis tau nkag siab txog nws.
116. Raws li, kuv tsis kam koj Kukulies-Smith lub daim ntawv thov rau ib tug thiaj li nyob rau hauv s 315 (4) ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act dismissing qhov them nyiaj, thiab kuv yuav tsum tam sim no finalize muaj zog rau plead tshawb xyuas.

Summary ntawm ACT raws li txoj cai

117. Ua ntej ua li ntawd, li cas los xij, thiab muaj hais txog Dr Lambeth tus kam, qhia thaum lub sij hawm nws qhov ncauj pov thawj, coj tus account ntawm tej yam ntxiv piav qhia hais tias yuav tau muab hais txog yuav ua li cas muaj zog rau plead kev xeem yuav tsum tau mus thov nyob rau hauv ACT, tej zaum nws yuav yuav nqi summarizing kuv views on hais tias lo lus nug. Nyob rau hauv kev txaus siab ntawm taiv kuv muaj ib co cov khoom uas kos los ntawm Steurer hais tias yog tsis ncaj nraim mus rau yam rau lo lus nug ntawm koj Bailiff 's muaj zog rau plead.
118. Ua ntej no, ib tug neeg yog presumed yuav haum rau plead (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 312 (1)).
119. Tias presumption yog rebutted, thiab tus neeg uas yog unfit rau plead, yog hais tias nws yog tsim muaj nyob rau hauv tshuav ntawm probabilities tias tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws kev raug disordered los yog impaired mus rau raws li hais tias tus neeg uas tsis tau koom tes nrog rau hauv qhov txhaum txheej txheem nyob rau hauv tej yam txoj kev (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1)). Uas:
(Ib tug)
Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead yog hais tias nws yuav tsis tau nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (a)).
(B)
Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead yog hais tias nws yuav tsis tau nkag mus rau ib tug plea rau them nqi los yog siv txoj cai los mus tauj xub jurors los yog pawg neeg pab txiav txim (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (b)). Qhov no tsis tau hais tias tus neeg yuav articulate muaj kuab thaj av rau txiav txim seb puas yuav tauj xub kev juror (Steurer ntawm [41]).
(C)
Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead yog hais tias nws yuav tsis tau nkag siab hais tias lub txheej txhem yog ib qhov kev nug txog seb tus neeg cog lus qhov ua txhaum (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (c)).
(D)
Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead yog hais tias nws yuav tsis ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub txheej txhem (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (d)). Tus neeg xav tau kev pab kom nkag siab txog dab tsi yog yuav mus nyob rau hauv tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv ib tug dav siab, tiam sis yuav tsum tau tsis nkag siab txog lub hom phiaj ntawm tag nrho cov ntau lub tsev hais plaub formalities (Presser ntawm 48). Ib tug saib tias Hais Plaub ntawm lub tsev hais plaub yog cov "gobbledygook" los yog "jargon", ib tug tsis muaj kev paub txog ntawm kev cai lij choj terminology, los yog ib qho kev nkag tau mus kawm los ntawm tus neeg hais tias tej zaum nws tso nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub thiab cia cov neeg tham yam tsis muaj absorbing dab tsi, tsis muaj cob tus neeg unfit rau plead (Steurer ntawm [15] thiab [16]). Qhov tseeb tias tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem no tej zaum yuav tsim tus cwj pwm uas yuav cuam tshuam orderly khiav ntawm ib tug mus sib tsis ntawm nws tus kheej muaj cob tus neeg ntawd unfit rau plead (Eastman ntawm [26] thiab [27]).
(E)
Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead yog hais tias nws yuav tsis tau nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm tus foob (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (e)).
(F)
Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead yog hais tias nws yuav muab tsis tau cov lus qhia rau tus neeg kws lij choj (teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (1) (f)). Txawm li ntawd los, lub fact tias ib tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem no tiv thaiv nws los ntawm muaj ib tug amicable, trusting kev sib raug zoo nrog ntuas tsis ntawm nws tus kheej txhais tau tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit rau plead (Eastman ntawm [26] thiab [27]). Lub sij hawm ntawm ib tus neeg saib xyuas nrog cai nyob rau hauv relation mus rau kev cai lij choj teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub Saibxyuas thiab Tswj ntawm Khoom Act 1991 tsis ntawm nws tus kheej txhais tau tias ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead ([110] saum toj no).

120. Tus neeg xav tau kev pab kom muaj tus muaj peev xwm los mus muaj ib tug kom tiv thaiv, tiam sis nws yuav tsum tau tsis yuav ib tug muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv. Qhov tseeb hais tias tus neeg uas tej zaum yuav muaj nthuav nws los yog nws tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo dua yog hais tias haum kho mob kev kho mob los yog kev noj tshuaj tau muab, los yog yog hais tias nws twb Muaj ntau dua txawj ntse los yog acuity ntawm lub siab, tsis yog yam. Qhov tseeb tias ib tug neeg suffers los ntawm ib tug puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem uas tej zaum yuav ua rau nws los yog nws mus rau kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib yam uas lub tsev hais plaub txiav txim siab yuav tsis tooj mus rau nws los yog nws zoo tshaj plaws kev txaus siab tsis los ntawm nws tus kheej txhais tau tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit rau plead. (Kesavarajah ntawm 245; Rivkinat [297] rau [298]; Clark nyob rau hauv [129]; Eastman ntawm [26] thiab [27]).
121. Lub fact tias ib liam tus neeg suffers los ntawm ib tug delusion tsis ntawm nws tus kheej muaj cob nws unfit rau plead, txawm yog hais tias hais tias delusion kev mus rau raug-teeb meem ntawm lub sim (Eastman ntawm [26] thiab [27]).
122. Ib tug neeg yog tsis unfit rau plead nkaus xwb vim hais tias tus neeg uas yog kev txom nyem los ntawm nco poob. (Teeb meem txhaum cai Act s 311 (2)).
123. Ib tus neeg muaj zog rau plead yog tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nws los yog nws puas siab puas ntsws mob thaum lub sij hawm thaum tus neeg uas koom rau hauv qhov kev yuav tsum tau rau liam ua txhaum. Tus neeg lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub cwj pwm yog ib yam rau nws los yog nws txhaum plaub lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov ua txhaum (criminal Code s 28), tsis yog mus rau tus neeg muaj zog rau plead. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug neeg tej zaum yuav haum rau plead txawm yog hais tias, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev:

(A) tus neeg tsis paub tias qhov zoo thiab nws tus cwj pwm; los yog
(B) tus neeg tsis paub tias tus cwj pwm mas tsis ncaj ncees lawm, yog hais tias, nws yuav tsis yog vim li cas nrog ib sim degree ntawm kev nkag siab thiab composure txog seb tus cwj pwm, raws li pom los ntawm ib tug uas tsim nyog tus neeg, yeej tsis ncaj ncees lawm; los yog
(C) tus neeg uas tej zaum yuav tsis tswj tus cwj pwm.

124. Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob lam xav tias ib tug neeg yog tau zoo, los yog hais tias nws tib neeg txoj cai uas zoo dua muaj kev tiv thaiv, los ntawm ib tug nrhiav tau hais tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit rau plead.

Xaus on zog rau plead

125. Kuv tau soj ntsuam txhua tus ntawm cov txheej xwm teeb tawm nyob rau hauv s 311 (1) ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act by reference rau views ntawm txhua tus ntawm Drs George thiab Lambeth thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm koj Bailiff, tau suav hais tias yog dab tsi Kuv to taub tias yuav tsum siv raws li txoj cai, thiab muaj xaus lus tias koj Bailiff 's muaj peev xwm nkag siab thiab koom tes nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj txheej txheem tsis yog, los yog tsis tau tsim los yuav, tam sim no compromised los ntawm tej yam teeb meem no los yog puas ntawm nws puas siab puas ntsws kev mus rau ib tug degree uas yuav muaj cob nws incapable nyob rau hauv tej yam ntawm cov cov txheej xwm. Kuv pom tau tias qhov nug nyob rau hauv s 311 ntawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai Act tsis tau tsim tias koj Bailiff yog unfit rau plead thiab yog li ntawd tias presumption nyob rau hauv s 312 ntawm muaj zog rau plead siv.
126. Yog li ntawd kuv pom tau tias koj Bailiff yog tam sim no haum rau plead mus rau lub them nqi ntawm txhob txwm damaging vaj tse.

Kuv lees tias tus ntej ib puas thiab nees nkaum rau (126) numbered paragraphs yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb daim qauv ntawm yog vim li cas rau cov kev txiav txim ntawm nov mus nws Honour, Kev Ncaj Ncees Penfold.




Associate:
Date: 21 Lub rau hli ntuj 2010




Ntuas rau Crown: koj J Lawton
Solicitor rau Crown: ACT Director of Public Prosecutions
Ntuas rau tus liam: koj M Kukulies-Smith
Solicitor rau liam: Ken Cush & Associates
Hnub ntawm lub rooj sib hais: 14 Cuaj hlis 2009
Hnub ntawm sau ib tsab ntawv tso npe: 23 Cuaj hlis, 15 Hlis ntuj nqeg 2009
Hnub ntawm kev txiav txim: 21 Lub rau hli ntuj 2010

Qhia Ntxiv - yam cai
Part 1 - Kev Xeem Ntawv rau cov muaj zog rau plead
Teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900 (ACT)

[Raws li nyob rau hauv dag zog yuam txij thaum Lub ob hlis ntuj 2005]

311 Thaum ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead
(1) Ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead mus rau ib tug nqi yog hais tias tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws los yog kev raug disordered impaired kom raws li uas tus neeg cannot-
(A) nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj; los yog
(B) nkag mus rau ib tug plea rau them nyiaj thiab siv txoj cai los mus tauj xub jurors los yog pawg neeg pab txiav txim; los yog
(C) nkag siab hais tias lub txheej txhem yog ib qhov kev nug txog seb tus neeg cog lus qhov ua txhaum; los yog
(D) ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub txheej txhem; los yog
(E) nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm lub foob; los yog
(F) muab cov lus qhia rau tus neeg kws lij choj.
(2) Ib tug neeg yog tsis unfit rau plead nkaus xwb vim hais tias tus neeg uas yog kev txom nyem los ntawm nco poob.
312 Presumption ntawm muaj zog rau plead, tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab lwm yam
(1) Ib tug neeg yog presumed yuav haum rau plead.
(2) Lub presumption yog rebutted tsuas yog hais tias nws yog tsim muaj, on ib qho kev tshawb xyuas nyob rau hauv no faib, tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit rau plead.
(3) Cov lus nug ntawm ib tus neeg muaj zog rau plead-
(A) yog ib lo lus nug ntawm qhov tseeb; thiab
(B) yog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los rau ntawm nyiaj tshuav ntawm probabilities.
(4) Tsis yog tog Dais ib tug tsim txom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj nyob rau hauv relation mus rau rau lo lus nug.


Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT)

[Raws li nyob rau hauv dag zog yuam ntawm hnub tim uas Dr George lub 2003 kev ntsuam xyuas]

68 Txiav Txim ntawm muaj zog rau plead
(3) Lub tribunal yuav tsum ua ib tug txiav txim siab tias ib tug neeg yog unfit rau plead mus rau ib tug nqi yog hais tias txaus siab hais tias tus neeg puas siab puas ntsws los yog kev raug disordered impaired mus rau raws li hais tias tus neeg uas tsis tau-
(Ib tug) kom nkag siab txog qhov ntawm them nyiaj; los yog
(B) kom nkag mus rau ib tug plea rau qhov nqi them rau mus siv txoj cai los mus tauj xub jurors los yog pawg neeg pab txiav txim; los yog
(C) kom to taub hais tias lub Hais Plaub yog ib tug nug raws li seb tus neeg cog lus qhov ua txhaum; los yog
(D) kom ua raws li cov chav kawm ntawm lub Hais Plaub; los yog
(E) los nkag siab txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj hais tias tej zaum yuav raug muab nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug ntawm lub foob; los yog
(F) los muab cov lus qhia rau nws los yog nws tus neeg sawv cev kev cai lij choj.


Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT)

[Raws li tseem enacted nyob rau hauv 1994 thiab suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv Eastman]

68. Txiav txim ntawm muaj zog rau plead
(1)
Nyob rau hauv seem no-

"Thiaj li los mus txiav txim muaj zog" txhais tau hais tias ib tug thiaj li ntawm qhov Supreme Court nyob hauv qab qhov XIA ntawm teeb meem txhaum cai Act yuav tsum tau ib tug neeg mus rau xa mus rau ciaj ciam ntawm lub Tribunal kom Tribunal los mus txiav txim seb puas los yog tsis tau tus neeg uas yog haum rau plead mus rau ib tug them nyiaj pw tawm tsam tus neeg.
(2)
Li hauv qab no xws li nug raws li qhov uas tsim nyog Tribunal xav tias, lub Tribunal yuav tsum txiav txim siab, nyob rau nyiaj tshuav ntawm probabilities-
(Ib tug)
seb puas los yog tsis ib tus neeg uas yuav raug ib tug thiaj li los mus txiav txim muaj zog yog haum rau plead mus rau lub them nqi; thiab
(B)
yog hais tias tus Tribunal txiav txim tias tus neeg ntawd yog unfit rau plead mus rau lub them nyiaj, los yog seb tus neeg uas tsis yog yuav ua haum tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis tom qab txiav txim tau.
(3)
Lub Tribunal yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ib tug txiav txim siab tias ib tug neeg yog haum rau plead mus rau ib tug them nyiaj tshwj tsis yog tias txaus siab hais tias tus neeg ntawd yog peev xwm ntawm-
(Ib tug)
to taub txog dab tsi nws yog hais tias nws tau raug them nrog;
(B)
pleading mus rau qhov nqi them rau exercising nws los yog nws muaj txoj cai ntawm kev sib tw;
(C)
to taub txog hais tias lub txheej txhem ua ntej lub Supreme Court yuav yuav ib tug nug raws li seb los yog tsis yog tus neeg tau ua dab tsi nws yog them nrog;
(D)
li hauv qab no, nyob rau hauv dav lus, chav kawm ntawm tus txheej txhem ua ntej lub tsev hais plaub;
(E)
to taub txog ntau heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam ua pov thawj muab tawm tsam nws los yog nws;
(F)
ua ib tug tiv thaiv mus rau, los yog teb cov lus, tus them nyiaj;
(G)
txiav txim siab li cas tiv thaiv nws yuav cia;
(H)
muab cov lus qhia rau nws los yog nws tus neeg sawv cev kev cai lij choj (yog tias muaj); thiab
(J)
ua nws version ntawm qhov tseeb lub npe hu mus rau lub tsev hais plaub thiab kom nws los yog nws tus neeg sawv cev kev cai lij choj (yog tias muaj).
(4)
Lub Tribunal yuav tsum qhia rau lub Supreme Court ntawm nws txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm ib tug neeg thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau cov lus pom zoo mus rau lub tsev hais plaub raws li mus rau li cas tus neeg ntawd yuav tsum tau hais txog nrog.



Part 2 - Lwm yam cai
Teeb meem txhaum cai Act 1900 (ACT)

315 Kev ua kom raws lo lus nug yog hais tias tseg rau kev tshawb xyuas
...
(4) Yog hais tias lub tsev hais plaub txiav txim siab hais tias, vim yog lub trivial qhov ntawm them nyiaj los yog qhov ntawm tus neeg raug foob lub hlwb puas, nws yuav tsis tsim nyog rau inflict twg los rau txim rau ntawm tus neeg raug foob nyob rau hauv relation mus rau qhov ua txhaum, lub tsev hais plaub yuav txiav txim siab tsis mus nqa tawm los yog mus txuas ntxiv qhov kev tshawb xyuas thiab tej zaum yuav dismiss qhov them nyiaj thiab thiaj li hais tias tus neeg raug tso tawm.

Criminal Code 2002 (ACT)

27 Zaj Lus Txhais-puas siab puas ntsws puas
(1) Nyob rau hauv no Act:
puas siab puas ntsws puas muaj xws li senility, kev txawj ntse kev tsis taus, kev puas hlwb, lub hlwb puas loj heev thiab tus teeb meem no.
(2) Nyob rau hauv seem no:
kev puas hlwb yog ib qhov pib pathological infirmity ntawm lub hlwb, seb puas ntawm ntev los yog luv luv duration thiab seb puas yuav mus tas li los yog ib ntus, tiam sis tsis muaj xws li ib tug mob (ib tug nti mob) ntawm lub ras txog ntawm ib tug noj qab haus huv lub hlwb mus rau txawv tshaj plaw sab nraud kom muaj siab.
(3) Txawm li cas los, ib tug nti mob tej zaum yuav pov thawj ntawm ib tug puas siab puas ntsws muaj mob yog hais tias nws muaj ib co abnormality thiab yog nquag recur.
28 Puas Hlwb puas txhaum thiab lub luag hauj lwm
(1) Ib tug neeg yog tsis criminally lub luag hauj lwm rau ib qho kev ua txhaum yog hais tias, thaum nqa tawm tus cwj pwm yuav tsum tau rau qhov ua txhaum, tus neeg twb kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug puas siab puas ntsws puas hais tias tau kev hais tias-
(A) tus neeg tsis paub tias qhov thiab zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm; los yog
(B) tus neeg tsis paub tias tus cwj pwm mas tsis ncaj ncees lawm; los yog
(C) tus neeg uas tej zaum yuav tsis tswj tus cwj pwm.
(2) Rau cov subsection (1) (b), ib tug neeg tsis paub hais tias kev tsis yog lawm yog hais tias tus neeg uas ua tau los tsis yog vim li cas nrog ib sim degree ntawm kev nkag siab thiab composure txog seb tus cwj pwm, raws li pom los ntawm ib tug uas tsim nyog tus neeg, tsis yog lawm.
...

Saib xyuas thiab tswj ntawm cov khoom Act 1991 (ACT)

4 tus yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm-ua
(1) Seem no yog siv rau lub qoj ib ce los ntawm ib tug neeg (qhov kev txiav txim-tswv) ntawm ib tug Function nyob rau hauv no Act hauv relation mus rau ib tug neeg nrog impaired kev txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm (tus tiv thaiv tus neeg).
(2) Cov kev txiav txim siab tus yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm tus-tswv yog cov nram qab no:
(A) qhov kev tiv thaiv tus neeg xav li cas, raws li deb raws li lawv muaj peev xwm yuav ua hauj lwm tawm, yuav tsum tau muab siv mus, ntshe yog hais tias txiav txim siab qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv raws li qhov xav li cas yuav ua significantly adversely muaj feem rau tus tiv thaiv tus neeg yus nyiam;
(B) yog hais tias muab siv mus rau tiv thaiv tus neeg xav li cas yuav ua significantly adversely muaj feem rau tus neeg nyiam-kev txiav txim siab-tswv yuav tsum tau muab siv mus rau tiv thaiv tus neeg xav li cas li ua tau yam uas tsis muaj significantly adversely cuam tshuam tus tiv thaiv tus neeg yus nyiam;
(C) yog hais tias tus tiv thaiv tus neeg xav li cas tsis muaj cuab kav yuav muab siv los mus nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov-kev txaus siab los ntawm tus tiv thaiv tus neeg uas yuav tsum tau muaj;
(D) tus tiv thaiv tus neeg lub neej (nrog rau tus neeg uas lub neej) yuav tsum tau interfered nrog rau tus me tshaj raws li tsim nyog;
(E) ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus neeg yuav tsum tau xav kom zoo tom qab nws tus kheej los yog nws tus kheej raws li deb li sai tau;
(F) ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus neeg yuav tsum tau xav kom nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos dav, thiab siv sij hawm ib feem nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos kev ua ub no, raws li deb li uas sai tau.
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5 Thaum tsis muaj ib tug neeg impaired kev txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm?
Rau no Act, ib tug neeg tau impaired kev txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm yog hais tias tus neeg uas tus txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm yog impaired vim ib tug cev nqaij daim tawv, kev puas hlwb, lub hlwb los yog kev txawj ntse mob los yog hauv lub xeev, seb puas los yog tsis tau tus mob los yog lub xeev yog ib tug diagnosable muaj mob.
7 teem caij thiab cai ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas
(1) Seem no yog siv yog hais tias tus ACAT yog txaus siab hais tias-
(A) ib tug neeg tau impaired kev txiav txim siab kev muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv relation mus rau ib qhov teeb meem hais txog qhov tus neeg noj qab haus huv los yog noj qab haus huv; thiab
(B) thaum lub sij hawm tus neeg uas muaj lub impaired kev txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm-
(I) muaj, los yog yuav yuav, ib tug yuav tsum tau rau ib qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv relation mus rau qhov teeb meem; los yog
(Ii) tus neeg yog yuav ua ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv relation mus rau qhov teeb meem uas, los yog yuav ua koom nrog rau, unreasonable yuav kis tau mus rau tus neeg noj qab haus huv, noj qab haus huv los yog khoom ntiag tug; thiab
(C) yog tias ib tus neeg saib xyuas yog tsis taw-
(I) tus neeg cov kev xav tau yuav tsis tsum tau ntsib; los yog
(Ii) qhov kev txaus siab rau tus neeg yuav yuav significantly adversely cuam tshuam.
Nco ntsoov 1 Saib s 8C nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm ib tus neeg saib xyuas rau ib tug me nyuam.
Lus Cim 2 Ib tug neeg cov kev xav tau tej zaum yuav muab tau, los yog qhov kev txaus siab rau tus neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev enduring hwj chim ntawm tus kws lij choj (saib powers ntawm Attorney Act 2006).
(2) Lub ACAT tej zaum, los ntawm thiaj li, appoint ib tus neeg saib xyuas rau tus neeg, nrog rau cov cai uas lub ACAT yog txaus siab rau cov tsim nyog yuav tau los yog ntshaw kom kev txiav txim siab rau tus neeg uas nyob rau hauv raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab tus.
Nco ntsoov Lub powers uas tej zaum yuav raug muab rau ib tus neeg saib xyuas raug txwv nyob rau hauv s 7B.
(3) Cov cai uas tej zaum yuav raug muab rau ib tus neeg muaj xws li tus neeg saib xyuas cov nram qab no powers:
(A) los txiav txim nyob qhov twg, thiab nrog leej twg, tus neeg ntawd yog los nyob;
(B) los txiav txim li cas rau txoj kev kawm los yog kev cob qhia tus neeg uas yog tau txais;
(C) los txiav txim seb tus neeg uas yog yuav tsum tau tso cai rau ua hauj lwm;
(D) yog hais tias tus neeg uas yog yuav tsum tau tso cai rau ua hauj lwm-rau txiav txim siab qhov kev ua hauj lwm, qhov chaw ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm;
(E) los muab, rau tus neeg, ib tug yuav tsum tau kev tso cai rau ib tug kho mob tus txheej txheem los yog lwm yam kev kho mob (lwm yam tshaj ib tug prescribed kho mob tus txheej txheem);
(F) coj mus txuas ntxiv los yog kev cai lij choj Hais Plaub rau los sis nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus neeg.
7B kev txwv on cai ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas
Cov cai uas tej zaum yuav raug muab rau ib tus neeg tus saib xyuas tsis muaj xws li cov fais fab qhuab tus neeg los yog lub hwj chim los mus ua tej yam ntawm tej yam nram qab no rau tus neeg:
(A) pov npav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev xaiv tsa;
(B) kom ib tug yuav los yog lwm yam testamentary twj paj nruag;
(C) kev tso cai mus rau tus me nyuam ntawm ib tug me nyuam;
(D) muab ib tug tau kev tso cai rau ib tug txij nkawm;
(E) muab ib tug tau kev tso cai yuav tsum tau rau ib tug prescribed kho mob tus txheej txheem rau tus neeg.
11 powers yuav tsawg kawg yog muaj kev txwv
Cov cai muab rau ib tus neeg los yog tus neeg saib xyuas ib tug neeg saib xyuas on ntawm ib tug neeg lub vaj tse yog cov yuav tsis muaj ntau muaj kev txwv ntawm tus neeg kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txiav txim siab thiab kev txiav txim dua yog tsim nyog los ua tau lub hom phiaj ntawm thiaj li.
Nco ntsoov tas li ntawd, tus saib xyuas los yog tus neeg saib xyuas yuav tsum siv tus cai nyob rau hauv raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab tus (saib s 4).

Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT)

21 Ncaj Ncees sim
(1) Txhua tus neeg muaj cai muaj txhaum nqi, thiab cov cai thiab khi pom zoo los ntawm txoj cai, txiav txim siab los ntawm ib tug muaj peev xwm, ywj siab thiab lub tsev hais plaub los yog impartial tribunal tom qab ib tug ncaj ncees rau pej xeem thiab lub rooj sib hais.
(2) Tiam sis, nyem thiab pej xeem tej zaum yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm tag nrho los yog ib feem ntawm ib tug mus sib-
(A) tiv thaiv morals, pej xeem thiaj li los yog hauv teb chaws ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv ib lub ywj pheej zej zog; los yog
(B) yog hais tias qhov kev txaus siab ntawm ntiag tug lub neej ntawm ob tog yuav tau cais; los yog
(C) yog tias, thiab kom raws li hais tias, tus cais yog ncaj qha tsim nyog, nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb txoj kev tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, vim hais tias tawm rau xob xwm xav pub kom prejudice kev txaus siab ntawm kev ncaj ncees.
(3) Tiam sis txhua kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txhaum plaub los yog civil txheej txhem yuav tsum tau rau pej xeem tshwj tsis yog tias qhov kev txaus siab ntawm ib tug me nyuam yuav tsum tau hais tias kev txiav txim tsis tsum ua pej xeem.
30 kev txhais ntawm cov cai thiab tib neeg txoj cai
Yog li deb raws li nws yog ib qhov ua tau tsis xwm yeem nrog rau nws lub hom phiaj, ib tug ib ncig raws li txoj cai yuav tsum tau muab txhais nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas yog sib xws nrog tib neeg txoj cai.

Mental Health (Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Kho Mob) Act 1994 (ACT)

28 cov txheej xwm rau cov kev txo lub hlwb txoj kev kho mob kom
Lub ACAT tej zaum yuav ua rau ib tug txo lub hlwb txoj kev kho mob thiaj li nyob rau hauv relation mus rau ib tug neeg yog hais tias-
(A) tus neeg uas muaj ib tug puas siab puas ntsws muaj mob; thiab
(B) tus ACAT muaj tsim nyog thaj av rau peb hais tias, vim yog cov muaj mob, tus neeg yuav ua-
(I) ua loj raug mob rau nws tus kheej, nws tus kheej los yog lwm tus neeg; los yog
(Ii) txom nyem loj heev puas siab puas ntsws los yog cev nqaij daim tawv deterioration;
tshwj tsis yog tias yuav raug involuntary txo lub hlwb txoj kev kho mob; thiab
(C) tus ACAT yog txaus siab rau txoj kev kho mob uas txo lub hlwb yog yuav txo tau qhov mob los yog deterioration (los yog tej zaum raug mob los yog deterioration) hais nyob rau hauv pawg lus (b) thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob txo lub hlwb; thiab
(D) cov kev kho mob yuav tsis tsum adequately muab nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas yuav koom nrog rau kev txwv tsawg ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv thiab txav ntawm tus neeg tshaj yuav ua tau rau los ntawm tus neeg ua ib qho involuntary tus neeg mob....